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"Thus, a single bout of exhaustive exercise has been shown to cause oxidative damage in untrained persons while in trained subjects, no such effects are observed due to an increased resistance of such persons to oxidative stress."
"Strong increases in ROS after strenuous exercise, aging and/or disease (e.g., chronic heart failure, COPD, cancer) can cause contractile dysfunction and muscle atrophy, which both promote muscle weakness and fatigue"
"A single bout of exhaustive exercise leads to strong incr's of ROS, which cannot be buffered by endogenous antiox's, particularly in untrained indvls. This results in severe ox. damage... muscle weakness & fatigue, DNA mutations, lipid perox., mitoc. dysf. & apoptosis/necrosis."
"...during and after exercise ...a substantial amount of GSH is oxidized due to the elevated ROS levels to keep the GSH/GSSG ratio constant thereby maintaining homeostasis."
"ROS generated by acute exercise can lead to incr'd lipid perox. as measured by... malondialdehyde. ...this effect was only found in liver & fast skeletal muscle in the sedentary group, whereas the endurance-trained group did not show increases in lipid perox. after exercise."
"...a significant reduction of oxidative DNA damage in the trained compared to the untrained group indicating that exercise training causes an adaptive response to elevated oxidative stress by increased antioxidant enzyme activity."
"While a single bout of exercise is suggested to lead to a limited adaptive response, regular exercise appears to gradually increase the level of adaptation by the repeated activation of antioxidant genes and proteins..."
"Of special interest in this context are lipid perox. products, in particular 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), which has been shown to both induce DNA damage but also to be involved in the regulation of cell proliferation and growth as well as necrotic or apoptotic cell death..."
"Interestingly, exercise was found to increase parameters of insulin sensitivity (including adiponectin) only in the absence of [exogenous] antioxidants in both previously untrained and pretrained individuals."
"Molecular mediators of endogenous ROS defense (Mn-SOD, Cu, Zn-SOD and GPX) were also induced by exercise, and this effect was again blocked by antioxidant supplementation."
@siobhan_huggins @DaveKeto
@siobhan_huggins @DaveKeto
"The authors therefore conclude that in all likelihood, antioxidant supplements should not be recommended before training as they interfere with muscle cell adaptation."
Moderate exercise is an antioxidant.
@DrPhilMaffetone
Moderate exercise is an antioxidant.
@DrPhilMaffetone
"...over-trained athletes showed negative correlations between oxygen radical absorbance capacity at rest & protein carbonyls after exhaustive exercise indicating that increased oxidative stress may play a role in the pathophysiology of overtraining syndrome."
@DrPhilMaffetone
@DrPhilMaffetone
"However, a diet supplemented with exogenous antioxidants such as vitamins appears to prevent health-promoting effects of physical exercise in humans."
Tl;dr: regular, moderate exercise is best; supp. antioxidants are bad; don't mess with things you don't understand.
"Impact of Oxidative Stress on Exercising Skeletal Muscle" http://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/5/2/356/htm
"Impact of Oxidative Stress on Exercising Skeletal Muscle" http://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/5/2/356/htm
