This is colonization- via the @NewYorker : "Inspired by the liberal reforms espoused by the French Revolution and by Simón Bolívar’s battles for independence around the hemisphere, a Puerto Rican nationalist movement was born." That wasn't a nationalist movement or inspired by SB
"Beginning in 1868, these nationalists launched a series of revolts that were abortive but persistent enough to convince Spain’s government, in early 1898" Not nationalists and not the reason for the autonomic charter of 1897, if anything true PR revolutionaries rejected it,
Aftermath of Lares Revolt https://incoherentthoughtsblog.com/2015/09/23/el-grito-de-lares-aftermath-an-emerging-nation/
Reasons for the autonomic charter of 1897- https://incoherentthoughtsblog.com/2017/10/22/brief-read-on-the-carta-autonomica-of-1897/
"In 1914, Puerto Rico’s nominal Congress—operating under U.S. jurisdiction—unanimously voted for Puerto Rico’s independence, but the gesture was ignored." There never been a PR nominal congress. chamber of delegates voted against a citizenship bill in 1914 because
"Instead, in 1917, citizenship was imposed on Puerto Ricans, and the island was given an American governor appointed by Washington." Not imposed, Puerto Ricans overwhelmingly welcomed it in 1917.
"The move polarized the Puerto Rican political scene, splitting its parties into those that sought independence, those that sought statehood, and those that sought a better deal with the mainland" Divisions already existed. The bill cemented US control over PR as intended.
Get facts straight, PR was under appointed military govs until 1900, and since then until 1948 under appointed military ones. It is insulting that the New Yorker publishes an article on PR with such blatant falsehoods and mistakes. https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/the-dream-of-puerto-rican-independence-and-the-story-of-heriberto-marin
@NewYorker You should retract all those factual falsehoods. For too long Puerto Ricans have been people without a history- our histories denied- you should not engage in fabricating one to serve a politcal purpose.