Until 19th century in India, there was a group of selfless scholarly Brahmins whose job was treating people during Pandemic.

They used to travel village to village & vaccinate everyone without ever caring for their personal safety.

Their failure rate was just one in a million!

The British banned these Brahmins and their profession in 1861.

The banning led to an increase of smallpox epidemics and plague in 20th century.

This is how traditional health ecosystem was destroyed during the modern colonization era. And such institutions never recovered!

Screenshots excerpted from Susantha Goonatilake's "Toward a global science : mining civilizational knowledge" who inturn quotes Dharmapal's citation of Holwell's report