Interesting extracts from the article (p9): some constables actually refused to whip people, or at least halfheartedly enforced the order https://twitter.com/KjKesselring/status/1385521045860401152
Readers may wish to compare this with the procedure of caning - lashing a malefactor with a strip of rattan- in contemporary singapore, where the punishment is regularly conducted https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/CPC2010#P1XVI-P22-
https://prisonlife.sg/#caning 
The most notable difference is that in old England, women were regularly flogged, but this is explicitly prohibited by the law in Singapore.
[1 and 2: pp 13-14 of the article, sect 325 of the Singaporean criminal procedure code]
this rule [fortunately] applies also to transwomen http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4631316.stm
one of my childhood memories there was the primary school's discipline master showing a meter-long stick of rattan, already frayed at one end by use, at a school assembly, saying something to the effect that he hoped not to use it on any of us.
till this day you can still purchase staves of rattan-- about as long as a man's arm- from singaporean provision shops, for this purpose.
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