A strongly-refracted Moon photographed from the Space Station on June 5, 2020. (NASA image ID ISS063-E-24756)

That view is one photo from a set of 40 captured during a full Moon on June 5, 2020 from the ISS when it was 422 km over the South Atlantic, due west of Cape Town. Over the course of a few seconds it "sunk" behind Earth's atmosphere, creating a squashed appearance.

That's the set of images (preview size) ISS063-E-24733 through ISS063-E-24772 aligned to the western limb of the Moon and animated. I cropped and rotated it 180º too, so the "setting" action is more obvious.

These photos were taken at 1600mm, so a serious telephoto in action. In reality the Moon appears the same size in the sky from the ISS as it does to us on the ground, but the squashing effect is greater because of the viewing angle that Station gets above the atmosphere.

Since this has been so popular here's a higher-resolution version, aligned slightly differently; it's oriented to the bottom (eastern) limb of the Moon which makes the setting motion more apparent.