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#vaccines are topical again
We have anti-vaxxer and vaccine hesitant parents/carers who are very aware of vaccine ‘harms’ but are often less informed about what the imms are for
A thread on the UK imms schedule and the diseases it prevents
DOI: I vaccinate children
1/
We have anti-vaxxer and vaccine hesitant parents/carers who are very aware of vaccine ‘harms’ but are often less informed about what the imms are for
A thread on the UK imms schedule and the diseases it prevents
DOI: I vaccinate children
1/
You get Primary shots, 1 yr and pre-school booster + teenage shots to protect you against the following diseases:
Diphtheria
Tetanus
Pertussis
Polio
Haemophilus Influenzae b
Hep B
Pneumococcus
(Rotavirus)
Meningitis ABCWY
Measles
Mumps
Rubella
HPV
But what are they?
2/
Diphtheria
Tetanus
Pertussis
Polio
Haemophilus Influenzae b
Hep B
Pneumococcus
(Rotavirus)
Meningitis ABCWY
Measles
Mumps
Rubella
HPV
But what are they?
2/
DIPHTHERIA
Corynebacterium diphtheria causes cough, snuffles, fever, throat issues, skin ulcers, pneumonia.
It is treated with Anti-Toxin & antibiotics.
Even when treated, it is fatal in 20% of under 5s.
Better to prevent right?
3/
Corynebacterium diphtheria causes cough, snuffles, fever, throat issues, skin ulcers, pneumonia.
It is treated with Anti-Toxin & antibiotics.
Even when treated, it is fatal in 20% of under 5s.
Better to prevent right?
3/
TETANUS
Clostridium tetani (neurotoxin) as spores in soil/droppings;
Gives you lockjaw/Opsithonus/Spasms;
Killed 787k newborns in 1988, 49k in 2013 (after imms programme)
5% of all neonatal/maternal deaths
20% fatality;
Watched a child die from this -you don’t want tetanus
4/
Clostridium tetani (neurotoxin) as spores in soil/droppings;
Gives you lockjaw/Opsithonus/Spasms;
Killed 787k newborns in 1988, 49k in 2013 (after imms programme)
5% of all neonatal/maternal deaths
20% fatality;
Watched a child die from this -you don’t want tetanus
4/
PERTUSSIS
Bordetella Pertussis gives you whooping Cough –cough, cough, cough *hoooop* (silent ‘W’)
Cough, fever, snuffles, vomits
7-21 days after exposure;
15k pa in Europe <20 deaths mostly under 3months old
92k global deaths
This child has conjunctival bleeds from coughing
5/
Bordetella Pertussis gives you whooping Cough –cough, cough, cough *hoooop* (silent ‘W’)
Cough, fever, snuffles, vomits
7-21 days after exposure;
15k pa in Europe <20 deaths mostly under 3months old
92k global deaths
This child has conjunctival bleeds from coughing
5/
POLIOVIRUS
Enterovirus;
95% asymptomatic;
1-2% get paralytic polio;
2-5% children and 30% adults die;
Supportive/respiratory treatment;
Live oral Vaccine derived polio causes a dozen cases annually, wild polio caused 75k cases annually in Africa alone until the vaccine
6/
Enterovirus;
95% asymptomatic;
1-2% get paralytic polio;
2-5% children and 30% adults die;
Supportive/respiratory treatment;
Live oral Vaccine derived polio causes a dozen cases annually, wild polio caused 75k cases annually in Africa alone until the vaccine
6/
Polio is the posterchild vaccine albeit with complications on rollout
Salk’s killed polio vaccine is given via injection in areas with low polio rates
Sabin’s live vaccine is given orally in high-risk areas and can spread (1 case per 2.7 million vaccines)
thanks @RtAVM
7/
Salk’s killed polio vaccine is given via injection in areas with low polio rates
Sabin’s live vaccine is given orally in high-risk areas and can spread (1 case per 2.7 million vaccines)
thanks @RtAVM
7/
HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE b (Hib)
Haemophilus Influenzae type b -a Gram negative coccobacillus causing
pneumonia,
septicaemia,
meningitis,
epiglottitis,
septic arthritis,
cellulitis,
otitis media,
pericarditis…
75k deaths globally pa;
Last time I saw Hib was 2009
8/
Haemophilus Influenzae type b -a Gram negative coccobacillus causing
pneumonia,
septicaemia,
meningitis,
epiglottitis,
septic arthritis,
cellulitis,
otitis media,
pericarditis…
75k deaths globally pa;
Last time I saw Hib was 2009
8/
HEPATITIS B
30m infected annually globally through sex, needles, bodily fluids, mum-to-baby (4/1000 UK).
2 bn have been people infected, most get over it but can be chronically infected
Can be asymptomatic or can get jaundice, fatigue, nausea, hepatic cancer
1% fatality rate
9/
30m infected annually globally through sex, needles, bodily fluids, mum-to-baby (4/1000 UK).
2 bn have been people infected, most get over it but can be chronically infected
Can be asymptomatic or can get jaundice, fatigue, nausea, hepatic cancer
1% fatality rate
9/
PNEUMOCOCCUS
Streptococcus Pneumoniae is leading cause bacterial infection in humans causing pneumonia, sepsis and meningitis.
2000: 14.5m cases/735k death
2009: widespread PCV programme
2015: 9m case/294k death
47-64% drop in global invasive pneumococcal rates with PCV
10/
Streptococcus Pneumoniae is leading cause bacterial infection in humans causing pneumonia, sepsis and meningitis.
2000: 14.5m cases/735k death
2009: widespread PCV programme
2015: 9m case/294k death
47-64% drop in global invasive pneumococcal rates with PCV
10/
MENINGITIS B, C, A, CWY strains
We all have our Neisseria Meningitidis horror tales; 15-25% of us carry it and it can cause meningitis, sepsis, limb loss
2018: 3280 cases in EU; 10% fatal, 20% long-term issues
MenAfriVac has eliminated Men A in SubSaharan Africa
11/
We all have our Neisseria Meningitidis horror tales; 15-25% of us carry it and it can cause meningitis, sepsis, limb loss
2018: 3280 cases in EU; 10% fatal, 20% long-term issues
MenAfriVac has eliminated Men A in SubSaharan Africa
11/
MEASLES
Measles is a virus causing cough, snuffles, rash, fever, pneumonia and rarely encephalitis
0.2% fatality rate;
20m cases per annum;
1980 2.6m deaths 2015 73k deaths;
2018 25 deaths in EU;
Weakened live virus in MMR
12/
Measles is a virus causing cough, snuffles, rash, fever, pneumonia and rarely encephalitis
0.2% fatality rate;
20m cases per annum;
1980 2.6m deaths 2015 73k deaths;
2018 25 deaths in EU;
Weakened live virus in MMR
12/
MUMPS
Caused by paramyxovirus mumps virus gives
salivary gland swelling
fever, aches
testicular/ovarian mumps
sometimes deafness
spread via fluid 1/3 asymptomatic
‘Wakefield Cohort’ coming through with 2019 having 5k cases compared to 1k in 2018
Weakened live MMR vaccine
13/
Caused by paramyxovirus mumps virus gives
salivary gland swelling
fever, aches
testicular/ovarian mumps
sometimes deafness
spread via fluid 1/3 asymptomatic
‘Wakefield Cohort’ coming through with 2019 having 5k cases compared to 1k in 2018
Weakened live MMR vaccine
13/
RUBELLA
Caused by Rubella virus, it is like mild measles but if a mum is infected in the first 10 weeks of pregnancy, 90% of surviving babies will show one or more defect;
UK Vaccination has prevented 1.4m cases of rubella, 1300 birth defects, and averted 25k terminations;
14/
Caused by Rubella virus, it is like mild measles but if a mum is infected in the first 10 weeks of pregnancy, 90% of surviving babies will show one or more defect;
UK Vaccination has prevented 1.4m cases of rubella, 1300 birth defects, and averted 25k terminations;
14/
HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS
Transmitted via sexual/genital contact there are many forms of HPV
1% will get genital warts
Almost all cervical and most anal and oral cancers are HPV linked, 900 cervical cancer deaths last year
Teenage girls AND boys offered vaccination at 12-13
15/
Transmitted via sexual/genital contact there are many forms of HPV
1% will get genital warts
Almost all cervical and most anal and oral cancers are HPV linked, 900 cervical cancer deaths last year
Teenage girls AND boys offered vaccination at 12-13
15/
SEASONAL INFLUENZA (A&B)
Flu A is responsible for 80% of infections. Mortality rate is 0.1% depending on age.
About 17k per annum die in England & Wales from flu. About 4,500 people have died from flu in 2020.
New Zealand has had 6 cases of flu where normally 1600 die.
16/
Flu A is responsible for 80% of infections. Mortality rate is 0.1% depending on age.
About 17k per annum die in England & Wales from flu. About 4,500 people have died from flu in 2020.
New Zealand has had 6 cases of flu where normally 1600 die.
16/
So, those are the diseases, why wouldn’t you vaccinate?
Images are google/public domain
Sources: ourworld in data/WHO/CDC/DoH/NHS
Thanks to @RTAVTM @jillpromoli @livpaediatrics
for inspiration
#VaccinesWork
#Vaccines
Images are google/public domain
Sources: ourworld in data/WHO/CDC/DoH/NHS
Thanks to @RTAVTM @jillpromoli @livpaediatrics
for inspiration
#VaccinesWork
#Vaccines
