Read on Twitter
A thread about the DNA (as well as cranial and dental) evidence that shows that Egyptians are overwhelmingly indigenous.
1) this one is the easiest
National Geographic Genographic project that concludes foreign DNA is low in Egypt. 68% absolutely indigenous north African, part of the southwest asian and east African would have also been in Egypt for at least 8000 years.
Conclusion: 75%+ indigenous
National Geographic Genographic project that concludes foreign DNA is low in Egypt. 68% absolutely indigenous north African, part of the southwest asian and east African would have also been in Egypt for at least 8000 years.
Conclusion: 75%+ indigenous
2) this is also a good summary, although slightly dated of why it's impossible for modern Egyptians to be anything other than descendants from ancient Egyptians based on haplotypes …https://mathildasanthropologyblog.wordpress.com/2008/11/09/egyptians-are-not-arabs-they-are-egyptians/
3) second we have this 2017 study by Hollfelder et al. The title of the study alone tells you everything you need to know "shaped by continuity of indigenous groups" the Eurasian migrations they talk about happened mostly 10000 years ago. So they also existed in ancient Egyptians
4) in the above study it says "A formal test... did not find significant admixture into the Egyptians from other tested groups (X) as
the explanation of the (admittedly low level of) differentiation between the two groups [copts and Muslim Egyptians] "
NO SIGNIFICANT ADMIXTURE.
the explanation of the (admittedly low level of) differentiation between the two groups [copts and Muslim Egyptians] "
NO SIGNIFICANT ADMIXTURE.
5) Human genetics occur on a spectrum that match up to geographic locations because that is how we spread out and subsequently diverge. It would be expected that if populations were indigenous without significant genetic change that Moroccans would be most closely related to
6) their Algerian neighbors then Libyans, and so forth. In short, indigenous Egyptians should be a continuum of genetics that is in between the Maghrebi populations of North Africa, Near Eastern/Southwest Asian populations, and the Nilo-Saharan populations to the south of them.
7) this is exactly what the data have shown. Krings 1999 analyzed mitochondrial DNA (representing the maternal lineage) along the Nile corridor. They found Egypt and Nubia to show low levels of divergence, and their analysis showed a:
8) "smooth gradient of decreasing genetic similarity of mtDNA types as geographic distance between sampling localities increases, strongly suggesting gene flow along the Nile, with no evident barriers.” In other words, the populations along the Nile all showed a smooth gradient
9) of mtDNA, indicating their ancient common origins and gradual divergence over thousands of years without any surprising foreign admixtures.
10) What I mean here is if the Arabs or greeks came and suddenly changed significantly the genetic signature of the egyptian population, there would not be a smooth, gradual gradient of change. Rather, there would be an abrupt change in Egyptian mtDNA because...
11) because they would hold Arab DNA that differs sharply from the Nilo-saharan populations. This gradient is indicative of continuity in the maternal line since ancient times.
12) El-Sibai’s study in 2009 shows the same thing in Y-chromosomal DNA, representing the paternal lineage. Egyptians show the E1b1b1 haplotype in the highest frequency believed to be indigenous to North Africa. Furthermore, the Egyptian haplotype frequency analysis, falls...
13) smoothly between the Maghrebi populations of North Africa and the Near-Eastern populations, and differs sharply from the frequencies of the Arabian peninsula. Again, this indicates the genetic continuity of Egyptians from their indigenous, ancestral populations.
14)The Pagani et al study from 2015 comparing Egyptians to Ethiopians again shows a smooth gradient indicating their ancestral relationship and continuity among Egyptians. The point of this study is to show Egyptians are closer to Near-Eastern Populations than Ethiopians.
15) Which would indicate that most likely humans left Africa tens of thousands of years ago by the northeast amd not the east.
Notice how when scientists want to study ancient African history they Study modern egyptians. Because we have been in place for millenia!
Notice how when scientists want to study ancient African history they Study modern egyptians. Because we have been in place for millenia!
16) one famous study that got a lot of media coverage was the Scheuman et al 2017 study, it shows that both Greek and Roman invasions didn't have much impact on the DNA of 114 ancient Egyptian mummies.
17) Dobon et al 2015 study also shows that Egyptians are separate from peninsular arabs populations. This is just a small sample of the DNA studies available on Egyptians, there is more and they all have the main theme: Egyptians 2day are descendants from Egyptians 8000 years ago
18) I will leave DNA and move to a study done on Dental affinities among ancient Egyptians.
Conclusion: hellenised Egyptians from the roman era cluster closer to pre greek Egyptians than greeks. I.e: greeks didn't have much impact on the population. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16331657/
Conclusion: hellenised Egyptians from the roman era cluster closer to pre greek Egyptians than greeks. I.e: greeks didn't have much impact on the population. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16331657/
19) trigger warning: humain remains
so that's mummies teeth, what about hair? Again, mostly wavy with some straight and some curly. Exactly as modern Egyptians. …https://mathildasanthropologyblog.wordpress.com/2008/07/21/mummies-and-mummy-hair-from-ancient-egypt/
so that's mummies teeth, what about hair? Again, mostly wavy with some straight and some curly. Exactly as modern Egyptians. …https://mathildasanthropologyblog.wordpress.com/2008/07/21/mummies-and-mummy-hair-from-ancient-egypt/
20) What about skulls? Again similar diversity expected from Egypt's geographic location, some n*groid skulls but more caucasoid, but honestly this is my least favorite piece of evidence since anthropologists debate how useful skulls are in determining ethnicity.
21) Egyptologists dedicate entire sections of their books to how remarkable it is that Egyptians weren't affected much by all the subsequent invasions. The only thing that changed over the last 7000 years was that we changed our language once and religion twice. That's it.
22) also btw, everything you might have read about Herodotus calling Egyptians black or Egyptians calling their country "land of the blacks" or any other myth are actually false. They are myth created by black diaspora to somehow show connection to Egypt (which is truly pathetic
