#NowReading America's Protectionist Takeoff, 1815-1914: The Neglected American School of Political Economy (2010) by Michael Hudson

Bush Calls More Open Trade a 'Moral Imperative' for U.S.

By David Stout, May 7, 2001

“For 19th century Republicans, free trade led to international dependency and industrial unemployment, blocking economic progress.” —Michael Hudson

“[For 19th century Republicans,] America’s position as a latecomer called for active government subsidy of industry, protective tariffs, public spending on infrastructure and freedom from British financial power.” —Michael Hudson

“Industrial protectionists [warned] against the free-trade idea that America’s economic advantage lay in exporting slave-based plantation products in exchange for English manufactures.” —Michael Hudson

“At its most idealistic, American economic thought aimed at creating a society free of the class antagonisms that were impoverishing labor in Europe and its colonies. The doctrines of Malthus and Ricardo made this conflict seem natural and inevitable.” —Michael Hudson

Thomas Jefferson to William Duane, 4 August 1812

https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Jefferson/03-05-02-0231

A Series of Answers to Certain Popular Objections Against Separating from the Rebellious Colonies, and Discarding Them Entirely: Being the Concluding Tract of the Dean of Glocester, on the Subject of American Affairs

Josiah Tucker
London, 1776

Thomas Jefferson to Benjamin Austin, 9 January 1816

Henry Clay speech in the House of Representatives, March 30-31, 1824