People use/abuse the noun “study” to refer to lots of things, everything from rigorous, lab-based science to marketing surveys.

A short thread on what I consider essential components of a rigorous and ethical study (1/n)

Studies seek to improve the human condition by increasing knowledge/understanding (2/n)

Ethical studies include the communities that are subject to them from the start (“nothing about us without us”) (3/n)

Studies have a stated methodological and ontological framing - how do we conceptualize and gather data and its eventual relationship to claims about truth (4/n)

Studies are peer reviewed, or at least transparent in their methods and analysis so that they can be peer reviewed (5/n)

Studies rely on some form of inference, connecting specific data to broader claims using induction or abduction (6/n)

Studies develop an argument that involves grounds, backing, warrants, qualifiers, and claims.

Good studies go out of their way to make these arguments clear, consistent, and defensible (7/n)

Studies do not rely on rhetorical devices (8/n)

Studies can and should "study up," in that they seek to be emancipatory, but the ideological basis for that advocacy (e.g., human rights) must be transparent and evident in the construction of the argument (9/n)

I'm sure there's more to add to this list... what would you add??