Antifungals have come a LOOOONGGG way but we still lose many battles against these stubborn bugshttps://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="๐Ÿ˜ข" title="Weinendes Gesicht" aria-label="Emoji: Weinendes Gesicht">

Let& #39;s focus on ๐•๐จ๐ซ๐ข๐œ๐จ๐ง๐š๐ณ๐จ๐ฅ๐ž today !!

A short thread.

#antifungals #IDTwitter #oncology #MedTwitter #MedStudentTwitter #hematology
For years AmpB was the go to agent for invasive #fungal infections. Plagued by infusion reactions & nephrotoxicity we desperately needed newer agents

๐€๐ณ๐จ๐ฅ๐ž๐ฌ ๐ฐ๐ž๐ซ๐ž ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐š๐ง๐ฌ๐ฐ๐ž๐ซ.

๐ˆ๐ฆ๐ข๐๐š๐ณ๐จ๐ฅ๐ž๐ฌ like ketoconazole were the 1st on the scene. FDA approved :1981
https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="โšก๏ธ" title="Hochspannungszeichen" aria-label="Emoji: Hochspannungszeichen">๐“๐ซ๐ข๐š๐ณ๐จ๐ฅ๐ž๐ฌ were next in line. The 1st generation flucon and itraconazole and the 2nd generation ๐•๐จ๐ซ๐ข๐œ๐จ๐ง๐š๐ณ๐จ๐ฅ๐ž

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="โšก๏ธ" title="Hochspannungszeichen" aria-label="Emoji: Hochspannungszeichen">The FDA approved it in May 2002 for the Rx on invasive aspergillosis

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="โšก๏ธ" title="Hochspannungszeichen" aria-label="Emoji: Hochspannungszeichen">It acts by https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="โŒ" title="Kreuzzeichen" aria-label="Emoji: Kreuzzeichen">14 ฮฑ lanosterol demethylase which l/thttps://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="โฌ‡๏ธ" title="Pfeil nach unten" aria-label="Emoji: Pfeil nach unten">Ergosterol synthesis
https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable=๐“๐ซ๐ข๐š๐ณ๐จ๐ฅ๐ž๐ฌ were next in line. The 1st generation flucon and itraconazole and the 2nd generation ๐•๐จ๐ซ๐ข๐œ๐จ๐ง๐š๐ณ๐จ๐ฅ๐žhttps://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="โšก๏ธ" title="Hochspannungszeichen" aria-label="Emoji: Hochspannungszeichen">The FDA approved it in May 2002 for the Rx on invasive aspergillosishttps://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="โšก๏ธ" title="Hochspannungszeichen" aria-label="Emoji: Hochspannungszeichen">It acts by https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="โŒ" title="Kreuzzeichen" aria-label="Emoji: Kreuzzeichen">14 ฮฑ lanosterol demethylase which l/thttps://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="โฌ‡๏ธ" title="Pfeil nach unten" aria-label="Emoji: Pfeil nach unten">Ergosterol synthesis" title="https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="โšก๏ธ" title="Hochspannungszeichen" aria-label="Emoji: Hochspannungszeichen">๐“๐ซ๐ข๐š๐ณ๐จ๐ฅ๐ž๐ฌ were next in line. The 1st generation flucon and itraconazole and the 2nd generation ๐•๐จ๐ซ๐ข๐œ๐จ๐ง๐š๐ณ๐จ๐ฅ๐žhttps://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="โšก๏ธ" title="Hochspannungszeichen" aria-label="Emoji: Hochspannungszeichen">The FDA approved it in May 2002 for the Rx on invasive aspergillosishttps://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="โšก๏ธ" title="Hochspannungszeichen" aria-label="Emoji: Hochspannungszeichen">It acts by https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="โŒ" title="Kreuzzeichen" aria-label="Emoji: Kreuzzeichen">14 ฮฑ lanosterol demethylase which l/thttps://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="โฌ‡๏ธ" title="Pfeil nach unten" aria-label="Emoji: Pfeil nach unten">Ergosterol synthesis" class="img-responsive" style="max-width:100%;"/>
https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="โšก๏ธ" title="Hochspannungszeichen" aria-label="Emoji: Hochspannungszeichen">It reaches max plasma concentration 1-2hrs after an oral dose

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="โšก๏ธ" title="Hochspannungszeichen" aria-label="Emoji: Hochspannungszeichen">Extensively hepatically metabolized to N-Oxide metabolite by the CYP 450 system

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="โšก๏ธ" title="Hochspannungszeichen" aria-label="Emoji: Hochspannungszeichen">In poor metabolizers the AUC is https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="โฌ†๏ธ" title="Pfeil nach oben" aria-label="Emoji: Pfeil nach oben">4x
๐•๐จ๐ซ๐ข๐œ๐จ๐ง๐š๐ณ๐จ๐ฅ๐ž ๐ƒ๐จ๐ฌ๐ข๐ง๐ :
๐Ÿ”๐ฆ๐ /๐ค๐  q12h for 2 doseshttps://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="โžก๏ธ" title="Pfeil nach rechts" aria-label="Emoji: Pfeil nach rechts">๐Ÿ’๐ฆ๐ /๐ค๐  q12h thereafter.

Adults <40kg :https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="โฌ‡๏ธ" title="Pfeil nach unten" aria-label="Emoji: Pfeil nach unten">maintenance dose by 50%
CTP A & B CLD:https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="โฌ‡๏ธ" title="Pfeil nach unten" aria-label="Emoji: Pfeil nach unten">maintenance dose by 50%
CTP C CLD: No data

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="โšก๏ธ" title="Hochspannungszeichen" aria-label="Emoji: Hochspannungszeichen">๐€๐ฏ๐จ๐ข๐ ๐ฆ๐ž๐š๐ฅ๐ฌ ๐Ÿ๐ก๐ซ ๐›๐ž๐Ÿ๐จ๐ซ๐ž ๐š๐ง๐ ๐š๐Ÿ๐ญ๐ž๐ซ ๐จ๐ซ๐š๐ฅ ๐๐จ๐ฌ๐ž
https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="โšก๏ธ" title="Hochspannungszeichen" aria-label="Emoji: Hochspannungszeichen">๐€๐๐ฏ๐ž๐ซ๐ฌ๐ž ๐‘๐ž๐š๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐ฌ:
https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="1โƒฃ" title="Tastenkappe Ziffer 1" aria-label="Emoji: Tastenkappe Ziffer 1">Visual Disturbances(~30%) Blurred vision, photophobia etc. Occurs within 1/2hr of dosing & lasts for abt 1/2hr MC during 1st week of therapy. Reversible
https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="2โƒฃ" title="Tastenkappe Ziffer 2" aria-label="Emoji: Tastenkappe Ziffer 2">Transaminitis(15%) including cases of ALF.
https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="3โƒฃ" title="Tastenkappe Ziffer 3" aria-label="Emoji: Tastenkappe Ziffer 3">Skin Reactions(5%) rarely need Rx discont
https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable=๐€๐๐ฏ๐ž๐ซ๐ฌ๐ž ๐‘๐ž๐š๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐ฌ:https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="1โƒฃ" title="Tastenkappe Ziffer 1" aria-label="Emoji: Tastenkappe Ziffer 1">Visual Disturbances(~30%) Blurred vision, photophobia etc. Occurs within 1/2hr of dosing & lasts for abt 1/2hr MC during 1st week of therapy. Reversiblehttps://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="2โƒฃ" title="Tastenkappe Ziffer 2" aria-label="Emoji: Tastenkappe Ziffer 2">Transaminitis(15%) including cases of ALF.https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="3โƒฃ" title="Tastenkappe Ziffer 3" aria-label="Emoji: Tastenkappe Ziffer 3">Skin Reactions(5%) rarely need Rx discont" title="https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="โšก๏ธ" title="Hochspannungszeichen" aria-label="Emoji: Hochspannungszeichen">๐€๐๐ฏ๐ž๐ซ๐ฌ๐ž ๐‘๐ž๐š๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐ฌ:https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="1โƒฃ" title="Tastenkappe Ziffer 1" aria-label="Emoji: Tastenkappe Ziffer 1">Visual Disturbances(~30%) Blurred vision, photophobia etc. Occurs within 1/2hr of dosing & lasts for abt 1/2hr MC during 1st week of therapy. Reversiblehttps://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="2โƒฃ" title="Tastenkappe Ziffer 2" aria-label="Emoji: Tastenkappe Ziffer 2">Transaminitis(15%) including cases of ALF.https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="3โƒฃ" title="Tastenkappe Ziffer 3" aria-label="Emoji: Tastenkappe Ziffer 3">Skin Reactions(5%) rarely need Rx discont" class="img-responsive" style="max-width:100%;"/>
https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="โšก๏ธ" title="Hochspannungszeichen" aria-label="Emoji: Hochspannungszeichen">๐Ž๐ซ๐š๐ฅ Voriconazole can be safely given to all CKD patients.
https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="โšก๏ธ" title="Hochspannungszeichen" aria-label="Emoji: Hochspannungszeichen">๐ˆ๐• to be avoided at CrCl<50ml/min d/t accumulation of SBECD vehicle.

Voriconazole is a ๐‚๐˜๐๐Ÿ‘๐€๐Ÿ’ ๐ข๐ง๐ก๐ข๐›๐ข๐ญ๐จ๐ซ & drug interactions must always be kept in mind when prescribing.
https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="โšก๏ธ" title="Hochspannungszeichen" aria-label="Emoji: Hochspannungszeichen">๐•๐จ๐ซ๐ข๐œ๐จ๐ง๐š๐ณ๐จ๐ฅ๐ž ๐ซ๐ž๐ฌ๐ข๐ฌ๐ญ๐š๐ง๐œ๐ž is an emerging problem. It ranges from 10-35% in various reports.

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="โšก๏ธ" title="Hochspannungszeichen" aria-label="Emoji: Hochspannungszeichen">The figure below highlights the MC mech of resistance acquisition. Mutations in the ๐‚๐˜๐๐Ÿ“๐Ÿ๐€ ๐ ๐ž๐ง๐ž are an important cause.
https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable=๐•๐จ๐ซ๐ข๐œ๐จ๐ง๐š๐ณ๐จ๐ฅ๐ž ๐ซ๐ž๐ฌ๐ข๐ฌ๐ญ๐š๐ง๐œ๐ž is an emerging problem. It ranges from 10-35% in various reports.https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="โšก๏ธ" title="Hochspannungszeichen" aria-label="Emoji: Hochspannungszeichen">The figure below highlights the MC mech of resistance acquisition. Mutations in the ๐‚๐˜๐๐Ÿ“๐Ÿ๐€ ๐ ๐ž๐ง๐ž are an important cause." title="https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="โšก๏ธ" title="Hochspannungszeichen" aria-label="Emoji: Hochspannungszeichen">๐•๐จ๐ซ๐ข๐œ๐จ๐ง๐š๐ณ๐จ๐ฅ๐ž ๐ซ๐ž๐ฌ๐ข๐ฌ๐ญ๐š๐ง๐œ๐ž is an emerging problem. It ranges from 10-35% in various reports.https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="โšก๏ธ" title="Hochspannungszeichen" aria-label="Emoji: Hochspannungszeichen">The figure below highlights the MC mech of resistance acquisition. Mutations in the ๐‚๐˜๐๐Ÿ“๐Ÿ๐€ ๐ ๐ž๐ง๐ž are an important cause." class="img-responsive" style="max-width:100%;"/>
This thread is a recapitulation of the basics. Important for beginners like myself, might not interest the seniors in the field.

References:
doi:10.1111/j.1470-9465.2004.00841.x
doi:10.1080/08998280.2003.11927910
http://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-020-01950-x">https://doi.org/10.1007/s...
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