Penal transportation was also used as a method of colonisation.The earliest days of English colonial schemes, new settlements beyond the seas were seen as a way to alleviate from criminals and the poor as to increase the colonial labour force,for the overall benefit of the realm.

Those transported unwillingly were NOT indentures. They were political prisoners, vagrants, or people who had been defined as "undesirable" by the English state.

during the Cromwellian conquest and settlement of Ireland (1649–1653)thousands of Irish people were sent to the Caribbean, against their will. ( Slavery?)

Indentures and transportee figures have been conflated, though they were distinct.

While all indentured servants were treated harshly, Irish Catholics were also subject to English settlers' "sense of cultural and religious superiority" and considered to be "naturally inferior."

English authorities used this perceived difference "to justify the poor treatment of the Irish Catholics they colonized,"

Legislators on the island of Nevis, for example, passed an act to prevent "papists" from settling on the island or holding public office in 1701.

some Irish indentured servants were described as "temporary chattels" who were kept in "slavelike conditions" and lived in a state "nearer to slavery than freedom.

this was particularly true in places such as Barbados, where high death rates sometimes "cancelled out" the primary difference between slaves and servants' experiences: that slavery was permanent while indenture was temporary.

masters sometimes worked Indentured harder because they only possessed their service for a limited time, and this fact underscores "the complexity of making comparisons" between slavery and indenture.

Cromwellian exiles in Barbados held a position that was "between temporary bondage and permanent enslavement," stating that the main difference between the servants and slaves was that they were not sold as chattel.

they were often subject to "glaringly inhumane treatment by aristocrats of the planter class" and that they "were not given the material or monetary compensation" usually provided to indentured servants at the end of their term.

According to Simon P. Newman, Irish prisoners "were treated with singular brutality" by planters who "disdained them as illiterate Catholic savages."