In this basic thread, I will be talking about the funding models and coverage in countries and states with universal healthcare. https://twitter.com/kristhesadgal/status/1315012496332394497

Keep in mind that there will be a lot of overlaps in terms of coverage and funding models for any given country, including the US.

The Beveridge Model: In this system, health care is provided to every citizen and financed by the government through tax payments. Most hospitals are public and government-owned. Countries that use this model are UK, Spain, Scandinavian countries, and New Zealand.

The Bismarck Model: in this model, government-subsidized, public, & private insurance cover everyone, who pay fees/deductables/co-payments. Unlike in US, insurance companies cannot reject people and they're not profitable. JP, Ger, FR, BE, Switz, and NL use this in varying degree

National health insurance model: It's a combo of Bismark and Beveridge. the ppl are covered by either the public sector, private sector (on some areas), or both. The payment comes from a government-run insurance program that every citizen pays into. CA, AUS, UK, and SK use this

Now I got the models out the way, let's talk about how these systems are funded.

Single payer: a type of universal healthcare which the costs of essential healthcare for all residents are covered by a single public system.

ex. Canada, SK, Taiwan, and to an extent: UK, Nordic countries, Australia, and Spain

Multipayer system: In this system, funding comes from more than just government, such as private, employer-based, and community-based insurance, as well as copays.

ex. Israel, Germany, France, Ireland, Italy, and Luxembourg more or less use this system

compulsory insurance: residents of a given country are required to be covered by insurance, whether it's private insurance or gov-subsidized insurance. Countries that more or less use this model include Switzerland, the Netherlands, Japan, Singapore and Belgium.

The US, as a whole, has.... a mish mash of a fire dumpster of a clusterfuck of a disaster of a "healthcare" system, and frankly, what the fuck. Like high medical bills??? bankruptcy due to medical bills???

In all seriousness, the US has a little of everything, from single-payer (like Medicare or VA), to employer-based insurance, to multipayer (like gov-subsidized or private insurance), leaving out around 10% un-insured (aka pay out of their pockets).

HOWEVER, some states have implemented their own universal healthcare systems when the federal government failed to do so, including my state, Massachusetts, and my neighbor Connecticut.

Massachusetts: Gov Mitt Romney (yes, him) signed a 2006 healthcare reform law that ensured universal coverage to nearly all Massachusetts residents. The law mandated employers with 10 or more employees to provide insurance, & provided government-subsidized/free insurance as well

And with the ACA (Affordable Care Act) expanded here, getting healthcare coverage is easier than the rest of the country. My sister once got a penalty fee for not getting insurance on time, but that was dealt with and she didn't have to pay the fee.

The Massachusetts healthcare system is a multi-payer system with some sort of compulsory insurance. I have government subsidized insurance because I have a part time job. Although not perfect, it's better than living in Texas, where 1 in 5 adults are uninsured.

In Connecticut, there's SustiNet, a healthcare law that was passed in 2009. Its goal was to provide affordable health care coverage to 98% of Connecticut residents by 2014. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SustiNet_(Connecticut)

I hope this thread is enough to give you a basic idea of the types of UHC out there. Single payer, as much as I like it, isn't the only form of universal healthcare system out there. Rather, the goal of UHC is to cover as many people, ideally everyone.

Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_care_systems_by_country
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_with_universal_health_care
https://pphr.princeton.edu/2017/12/02/unhealthy-health-care-a-cursory-overview-of-major-health-care-systems/#:~:text=There%20are%20four%20major%20models,out%2Dof%2Dpocket%20model.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_health_care https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6775924/

Yes, wikipedia is a good source idc what you say