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1/ What is geoeconomics?
The idea can be traced back to the works of MacKinder, more commonly known as the father of geopolitics
But the concept 'geoeconomica' was introduced by Angel Bassols Batalla in his study of water distribution in Mexico
https://www.jstor.org/stable/40982730?seq=1
The idea can be traced back to the works of MacKinder, more commonly known as the father of geopolitics
But the concept 'geoeconomica' was introduced by Angel Bassols Batalla in his study of water distribution in Mexico
https://www.jstor.org/stable/40982730?seq=1
2/ Geoeconomics was popularized by @ELuttwak in @TheNatlInterest
Economic rivalry would take on features of military rivalry, producing 'the logic of war in the grammar of commerce'
Economic interactions would be more conflict-ridden
https://www.jstor.org/stable/42894676?seq=1
Economic rivalry would take on features of military rivalry, producing 'the logic of war in the grammar of commerce'
Economic interactions would be more conflict-ridden
https://www.jstor.org/stable/42894676?seq=1
3/ The title suggests a transition from geo-politics to geo-economics. That might have been @ELuttwak's world of the 1990s and early 2000s though it is clearly not the world of today
4/ The geo-economic world @ELuttwak proposes focuses on how economic competition breeds conflict due to the inner workings of the market, a useful antidote to the triumphalist view of interdependence in the 1990s
5/ Others too have viewed asymmetrical market interdependence as useful for understanding the history of geo-economics as a social scientific approach.
For a review, see @Mwigell & Søren Scholvin
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01495933.2018.1419729
More on this.
But first, back to what 'geo-economics' is
For a review, see @Mwigell & Søren Scholvin
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01495933.2018.1419729
But first, back to what 'geo-economics' is
6/ It's helpful to trace the evolution of geo-economics as a concept
In an edited volume by @Mwigell Søren Scholvin & @MikaAaltola
@brazbaracuhy tells us exactly how the concept of geo-economics has evolved over time https://www.amazon.com/Geo-economics-Power-Politics-21st-Century-dp-0367480492/dp/0367480492/ref=mt_other?_encoding=UTF8&me=&qid=
In an edited volume by @Mwigell Søren Scholvin & @MikaAaltola
@brazbaracuhy tells us exactly how the concept of geo-economics has evolved over time https://www.amazon.com/Geo-economics-Power-Politics-21st-Century-dp-0367480492/dp/0367480492/ref=mt_other?_encoding=UTF8&me=&qid=
7/ The study of geo-economics as the use of economic policies to advance political goals under conditions of asymmetrical interdependence begins with Albert O. Hirschman, the progenitor of the dependence/interdependence school https://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520301337/national-power-and-the-structure-of-foreign-trade
8/ Hirschman argued that the greater the rewards from trade, the greater a country’s dependence on trade, leaving it vulnerable to threats to restrict trade
9/ Twitterless Baldwin @Princeton sees “Albert Hirschman's landmark study of foreign trade as an instrument of statecraft” before outlining Hirschman's contribution to the study of foreign economic policy under conditions of asymmetrical dependence
https://www.jstor.org/stable/1962385
https://www.jstor.org/stable/1962385
10/ Baldwin undertook in-depth analysis of economic statecraft, in his seminal book
https://press.princeton.edu/books/paperback/9780691204420/economic-statecraft
And the use of economic sanctions and rewards to promote political goals garnered attention in the 1990s
https://press.princeton.edu/books/paperback/9780691204420/economic-statecraft
And the use of economic sanctions and rewards to promote political goals garnered attention in the 1990s
11/ Initially, a consensus emerged regarding the limited success of sanctions
See Gary Clyde Hufbauer, Jeffrey J. Schott, @KimAElliott & Barbara Oegg @PIIE
https://www.piie.com/bookstore/economic-sanctions-reconsidered-3rd-edition-plus-cd-rom
And Robert Pape @UChicago
https://www.jstor.org/stable/2539368?seq=1
See Gary Clyde Hufbauer, Jeffrey J. Schott, @KimAElliott & Barbara Oegg @PIIE
https://www.piie.com/bookstore/economic-sanctions-reconsidered-3rd-edition-plus-cd-rom
And Robert Pape @UChicago
https://www.jstor.org/stable/2539368?seq=1
12/ Attention was redirected towards the conditions for their success and the promise of credibly threatening sanctions
E.g., @dandrezner
https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/1072557.The_Sanctions_Paradox
For an excellent overview, Bruce Bueno de Mesquita & Alastair Smith @nyuniversity
https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-polisci-070209-174835
E.g., @dandrezner
https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/1072557.The_Sanctions_Paradox
For an excellent overview, Bruce Bueno de Mesquita & Alastair Smith @nyuniversity
https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-polisci-070209-174835
13/ While the early literature mostly focuses on trade sanctions, the dollar’s role in the financial system makes financial sanctions an important coercive economic tool
@ProfPaulPoast @Bree_Croteau @khanna_aash, @daniel_mcdowell @whinecough & others https://academic.oup.com/isp/article/21/2/109/5762967
@ProfPaulPoast @Bree_Croteau @khanna_aash, @daniel_mcdowell @whinecough & others https://academic.oup.com/isp/article/21/2/109/5762967
14/ On financial sanctions Also see Saori N. Katada, Cynthia Roberts & Leslie Elliott Armijo
https://twitter.com/IAJournal_CH/status/1120698338817531904 @IAJournal_CH
& @daniel_mcdowell @RIPEJournal
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09692290.2020.1736126?journalCode=rrip20
https://twitter.com/IAJournal_CH/status/1120698338817531904 @IAJournal_CH
& @daniel_mcdowell @RIPEJournal
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09692290.2020.1736126?journalCode=rrip20
15/ Economic security, economic policies directed towards welfare goals, is also a form of geoeconomics
These concerns date back to the 1970s
These concerns date back to the 1970s
16/ They have found a new expression in President Trump’s National Security Strategy, which states “economic security is national security” and the America First platform emphasizing economic threats to a nation’s welfare https://www.oxfordresearchgroup.org.uk/blog/is-the-trump-doctrine-sustainable
17/ Other economic juggernauts such as the European Union voice concerns about “economic sovereignty”
Chancellor Merkel’s Handlungsfähigkeit and President Macron’s Europe puissance économique
Chancellor Merkel’s Handlungsfähigkeit and President Macron’s Europe puissance économique
18/ The building of dams to secure developmental and strategic goals can result in water wars, a current concern in the Nile basin
Strategic use of asymmetrical water interdependencies has a long history in other regions, the Middle East @MarwaDaoudy https://www.cnrseditions.fr/catalogue/histoire/le-partage-des-eaux-entre-la-syrie-lirak-et-la-turquie/
Strategic use of asymmetrical water interdependencies has a long history in other regions, the Middle East @MarwaDaoudy https://www.cnrseditions.fr/catalogue/histoire/le-partage-des-eaux-entre-la-syrie-lirak-et-la-turquie/
19/ Economic policies also target broader political goals, to preserve prosperity
@hanskundnani provides an interesting example of Germany's use of economic means to impose its political preference for a particular kind of policy, price stability
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/0163660X.2011.587950?needAccess=true
@hanskundnani provides an interesting example of Germany's use of economic means to impose its political preference for a particular kind of policy, price stability
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/0163660X.2011.587950?needAccess=true
20/ Coming soon … What is geo-economic power?
