Thread:
A non-exhaustive list of the methods states have used or proposed to block or deter the arrival of asylum seekers:

1. Impose visa controls on them
2. Impose passport controls on them
3. Deploy immigration officials at foreign ports/airports
(1/4)

4. Fine airlines/shipping companies bringing them in
5. Build a wall/fence to stop them crossing a border
6. Deploy the military, police & vigilantes to stop them crossing a border
7. Detain them at the border
8. Detain them on an island
9. Detain them on a boat
(2/4)

10. Detain them on a disused oil rig
11. Intercept & return them to where they came from
12. Pay smugglers to return them to where they came from
13. Pay a country of origin to intercept & return them
14. Pay a country of transit to intercept & return them
(3/4)

15. Send them to another country
16. Destroy or disable the boats they intend to travel in
17. Fail to undertake search-&-rescue activities
18. Prevent NGOs from undertaking search-and-rescue activities
19. Sink their boats
20. Let them drown
(4/4)

For a more extensive analsyis, see this:
https://global.oup.com/academic/product/refuge-beyond-reach-9780190874155?cc=gb&lang=en&

And this:
https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/refuge-lost/692B8F5E5F2FCC50068B50DA2C170260

And here are some of the 'safe & legal routes' we could have instead:

1. State-sponsored refugee resettlement
2. Community-based refugee resettlement
3. Humanitarian visas
4. Humanitarian corridors
5. Labour mobility schemes
6. Family reunion schemes
7. Educational scholarships