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We ( @VKoutsouveli, @nsantodomingo, P. Cárdenas, A. Marina, E. Morato and the late H.T. Rapp) published a paper on the Molecular toolkit for reproduction in #sponges ( https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msaa183)">https://doi.org/10.1093/m... using & #39;omics techniques in the frame of the @DeepSea_Sponges. Here is what we saw! (1/n)
We used Geodia spp. as models because they are gonochoristic, so that means females and males will have a set of specific genes and we didn& #39;t have the complication of setting those apart in hermaphrodites. And sequenced the hell (transcriptomes) out of them (2/n)
First thing we noticed is that males and females use slightly different germ cell pathways to trigger their cells to become gametes, with usual suspects nanos, pumilio and piwi having more of a role in 
https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="♂️" title="Männliches Zeichen" aria-label="Emoji: Männliches Zeichen"> (3/n)
(3/n)" title="First thing we noticed is that males and females use slightly different germ cell pathways to trigger their cells to become gametes, with usual suspects nanos, pumilio and piwi having more of a role in https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="♂️" title="Männliches Zeichen" aria-label="Emoji: Männliches Zeichen"> (3/n)" class="img-responsive" style="max-width:100%;"/>
Another super interesting result was the involvement of the retinoic acid pathway in the actual trigger of gametogenesis, in both males and females, but more prevalently in https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="♂️" title="Männliches Zeichen" aria-label="Emoji: Männliches Zeichen"> (4/n)
(4/n)" title="Another super interesting result was the involvement of the retinoic acid pathway in the actual trigger of gametogenesis, in both males and females, but more prevalently in https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="♂️" title="Männliches Zeichen" aria-label="Emoji: Männliches Zeichen"> (4/n)" class="img-responsive" style="max-width:100%;"/>
And then the usual steps in every gametogenic process, cell growth and differentiation, vitellogenesis and reorganization of the extracellular matrix for https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="♀️" title="Weibliches Zeichen" aria-label="Emoji: Weibliches Zeichen">, and more clearly meiotic machineries and axoneme assembly for https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="♂️" title="Männliches Zeichen" aria-label="Emoji: Männliches Zeichen"> (5/n)
, and more clearly meiotic machineries and axoneme assembly for https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="♂️" title="Männliches Zeichen" aria-label="Emoji: Männliches Zeichen"> (5/n)" title="And then the usual steps in every gametogenic process, cell growth and differentiation, vitellogenesis and reorganization of the extracellular matrix for https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="♀️" title="Weibliches Zeichen" aria-label="Emoji: Weibliches Zeichen">, and more clearly meiotic machineries and axoneme assembly for https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="♂️" title="Männliches Zeichen" aria-label="Emoji: Männliches Zeichen"> (5/n)" class="img-responsive" style="max-width:100%;"/>
But sponge oocytes are more interesting than other oocytes, because sometimes they come with some friends...yes, bacteria! They help them settle the symbiotic relationship right after metamorphosing...and give them advantages for the deep-sea life! (6/n)
And sponge sperm is no different than any other kind of sperm, they need capacitation (to make things quicker!) and sponges use the same pathways you would expect operating in many other animals you would consider (ehem) more complex (7/n)
Here is a summary of all that happens in these process...(8/n)
But why is all this important to you? https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="1⃣" title="Tastenkappe Ziffer 1" aria-label="Emoji: Tastenkappe Ziffer 1"> Because sponges are incredibly awesome and complex, even when you see them doing "nothing" in the water, just being beautiful...(9/n)
and https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="3⃣" title="Tastenkappe Ziffer 3" aria-label="Emoji: Tastenkappe Ziffer 3">Because they do this without all the stuff we put in our gonads (accessory cells, envelopes, coating, etc)...because sometimes the simplest solution is so elegant that still prevails over millions of years (11/11)
