1. Taiwan history

In ancient times, Taiwan was connected to the mainland. Later, due to crustal movement, the connected part sank into the sea to form a strait and Taiwan Island appeared.

Most of the early residents of Taiwan moved directly or indirectly from mainland China.

2. In 1971 and 1974, Taiwan’s earliest human fossils were discovered twice in Zuozhen Township, Tainan County, and they were named "Zuozhen People". Archaeologists believe that the "Zuozhen people" came to Taiwan from the mainland 30,000 years ago. They belong to the late Homo

3. Sapiens, in the southern part of the Paleolithic period in China with the "Qingliu people" and "Dongshan people" found in Fujian archaeology. The origin of Homo erectus has inherited some characteristics of the Chinese Homo erectus. Among the early inhabitants of Taiwan, there

4. were a small number of dwarf blacks who belonged to the Negrito race and the Langjiao people who belonged to the Shuqiu race. The aforementioned early inhabitants of Taiwan are the ancestors of the ethnic minorities in Taiwan today.

Taiwan’s recorded history can be traced

5. back to 230 AD. At that time, King Wu and Sun Quan of the Three Kingdoms sent 10,000 officers and soldiers to "Yizhou" (Taiwan). The "Linhai Land Chronicles" written by the Wu man Shen (this word cannot be typed) left the world's earliest account of Taiwan. During the Sui and

6. Tang Dynasty (589-618 AD),
Taiwan was called "liuqiu". The Sui Dynasty went to Taiwan three times. According to historical records, the Han people began to immigrate to the Penghu area in 610 (sixth year of the Sui Dynasty). By the Song and Yuan dynasties (960-1368 AD), there

7. were a considerable number of Han people in the Penghu area. After the Han people opened up Penghu, they began to develop into Taiwan, bringing with them the advanced production technology of the time. In the 12th century AD, the Song Dynasty placed Penghu under the

8. jurisdiction of Jinjiang County, Quanzhou, Fujian, and sent troops to guard. The Yuan Dynasty also sent troops to Taiwan. The governments of the Yuan and Ming dynasties set up inspection departments in Penghu, responsible for patrolling, investigating criminals, and also

9. running salt classes. The name Taiwan began to appear in the late Ming Dynasty. After entering the 17th century, the scale of the Han people's development in Taiwan became larger and larger. In the years of war and famine, the Fujian authorities of the Ming Dynasty government

10.and the Zheng Zhilong Group once immigrated to Taiwan in an organized manner.

In the16th century,Western colonial forces such as Spain and the Netherlands developed rapidly and began to extend their tentacles to the east. At the beginning of the 17th century, Dutch colonists

11. invaded Taiwan during the peasant uprising at the end of the Ming Dynasty and the growing power of the Manchu in the Northeast, and the Ming government was in a difficult time. Soon, the Spaniards invaded and occupied some areas in the north and east of Taiwan, and was driven

12. away by the Dutch in 1642, and Taiwan became a Dutch colony. Dutch colonists enforced compulsory rule, seized the land, forced the people to pay various taxes, plundered Taiwan’s rice and sugar, and re-exported the Chinese raw silk, sugar and porcelain they bought to various

14. countries through Taiwan, making high profits. The rule of the Dutch colonists aroused the resistance of the people in Taiwan. In September 1652, peasant leader Guo Huaiyi led a large-scale armed uprising. Although the armed uprising was suppressed, it showed that the Dutch

15. colonial rule had already appeared in crisis.
In 1644, the Qing army entered the customs and established the Qing regime in Beijing. In April 1661, Zheng Chenggong entered Taiwan from Jinmen with 25,000 soldiers and hundreds of warships in the name of recruiting generals from

16. the Nanming Dynasty. When Zheng Chenggong marched into Taiwan, he told the Dutch colonists that Taiwan "has always belonged to China." The two "inhabitants of the islands of Taiwan and Penghu are all Chinese. They have owned and cultivated this land since ancient times."

17. Return to the original owner." After fierce fighting and siege, in February 1662, Zheng Chenggong forced the Dutch governor Kui Yi to sign and surrender. Zheng Chenggong regained the Chinese territory Taiwan from the Dutch colonists and became a great national hero, respected

18. by the majority of the people.

Zheng Chenggong died of illness only 4 months after he recovered Taiwan. The Zheng regime transplanted the mainland's political, cultural and educational systems to Taiwan, paid attention to land development and water conservancy, and developed

19. foreign trade, which promoted Taiwan's economic development. By the end of the Zheng regime, the Han population in Taiwan had reached 120,000.

At the end of the Zheng regime, it was in a state of military confrontation with the Qing government.

20. After the Qing government calmed down the mainland, it began planning to attack Taiwan, and once adopted a policy of recruiting and pacifying, in an attempt to persuade the Zheng family to subdue the Qing. The Zheng regime had repeatedly counterattacked the coastal areas of

21. the mainland, By the fall of 1678, the Zheng army was defeated and all the occupied southeastern coastal states and counties were lost, and then they completely retreated to Taiwan. At this time, it was a foregone conclusion that the Qing government ruled China, and Zheng

22. the Zheng regime gradually evolved into a local separatist regime. On July 8, 1683, the Qing government sent Fujian Navy Admiral Shi Lang to lead more than 20,000 amphibious officers and soldiers and more than 200 warships to set off from Tongshan to Penghu and Taiwan.

23. The Qing army attacked the Penghu defenders and Zheng army was defeated. Zheng Ke, the grandson of Zheng Chenggong, <Tu Jia Shuang> (this word cannot be typed) led the crowd to the Qing government.

In 1684, the Qing government set up sub-patrols in Taiwan, Xia Bing Bei Dao

24. and Taiwan government, which belonged to Fujian Province. By 1811, Taiwan's population had reached 1.9 million, most of which were immigrants from Fujian and Guangdong.A large number of immigrants reclaimed wasteland, making Taiwan an emerging agricultural area,and providing

25. the mainland with a large amount of rice and sugar, daily consumer goods and construction materials imported from the mainland, etc., which enabled Taiwan's economy to develop to a considerable extent. this period. Taiwan has very close contacts with Fujian and Guangdong

26. Chinese culture spread to Taiwan more comprehensively.

After Britain launched the Opium War to invade China in 1840, the Western powers forced China to open trade ports. In the 1860s. Taiwan's fresh water, chicken coop, Anping, and Dagou have opened ports one after another.

27. Opium is the bulk of imports, and the main exports are tea, sugar, and camphor.

In the 1970s, after the implementation of the Meiji Restoration, Japan began to "expand its territories". Xiang Nan took Ryukyu and Taiwan as targets for expansion and claimed that Taiwan was a

28. "Tufan" residential area. It is a "land without owners" and is not under Chinese sovereignty. The Qing government-reaffirmed: "Taiwan has long been part of my country's territory" and "the whole Taiwanese county has no one who does not return to China." In January 1874,

29. the Japanese army invaded Taiwan. In October, China and Japan signed the "Beijing Special Article". Although the weak Qing government made a compromise with Japan, the "Beijing Special Article" still shows that China exercises sovereignty over Taiwan as a whole. Since then.

30. Officials of the Qing Dynasty put forward aproposal for Taiwan to establish a province.

As Western powers invaded China's borders and forced China to have a border crisis. During the Sino-French War from 1884 to 1885, the French army attacked Taiwan. He was hit hard by Liu

31. Mingchuan's army. By June 1885, the "Sino-French New Treaty" was signed, and the French army was forced to withdraw from Taiwan.

After the Sino-French War, in order to strengthen coastal defense, the Qing government designated Taiwan as a single province in 1885, Taiwan

32. Taiwan became China's 20th province.Liu Mingchuan, the first governor of Taiwan Province, actively promoted the new policy of self-improvement, cleaned up land, increased fiscal revenue, purchased ships, erected telegraph lines,established the General Post &Telecommunications

33. bureau, and built railways; purchased warships and added gun turrets. Set up the Machinery Bureau to make weapons; set up a coal affairs bureau to install new coal mining machines; set up a city-prosperous company to build streets and roads; establish a western school and

34. a telegraph school to train construction talents. Liu Mingchuan concentrated many new businesses in one province, making Taiwan one of the advanced provinces of China at that time.

In 1894, Japan launched the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, and the Qing government was

35. defeated the following year. On April 17th, it was forced to sign the Shimonoseki Treaty, which humiliated the country and ceded Taiwan to Japan. After the news came out, the whole country was outraged and opposed the cut-off; the whole province of Taiwan "cries loudly" and

36. beat the market with gongs. Qing army general Liu Yongfu, who was in charge of Taiwan's military affairs, led the army and civilians to resist Japanese occupation. The battle lasted for more than 5 months, and after more than a hundred battles, the Japanese invaders

37. invaders paid a heavy price, but they eventually failed. Since then, Taiwan has become a Japanese colony for 50 years.

Japan implements a governor-general rule in Taiwan, establishes a strict police system, controls Taiwanese society, and uses the Baojia system as an

38. auxiliary tool for police politics. After Japan launched its all-out war of aggression against China in 1937, it promoted the "Emperor People's Movement" in Taiwan, instilling the idea of ​​loyalty to the "jun" (the emperor) and loving the "country" (Japan) in an effort to

39. to turn the people of Taiwan into loyal and good citizens of Japan. Economically, the policy of "agricultural Taiwan, industrial Japan" was implemented, and Taiwan provided rice and cane sugar to Japan; in the later period, it cooperated with Japan's southward policy to

40. to develop military-related industries in Taiwan and regarded Taiwan as a supply place for the Japanese army. . The people of Taiwan have never succumbed to Japanese colonial rule. In the early days of the Japanese occupation, the anti-Japanese armed forces with farmers as a

41. as the main body fought for 20 years. Later, the Cultural Association, the People's Party, and the Communist Party also organized and led the movement of national resistance against Japanese colonial rule.

In July 1937, Japan made the "July 7 Incident" and the Chinese people

42. began the entire nation's war of resistance against Japan. During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, many Taiwan compatriots returned to their motherland to participate in the War of Resistance Against Japan, which contributed to the victory of the War of

43. Resistance Against Japan and the recovery of Taiwan. After the outbreak of the Pacific War in December 1941, the Chinese government issued the "China Declaration of War on Japan" on December 9, clearly informing China and foreign countries: "All treaties, agreements, and

44. contracts involving relations between China and Japan will be abolished. ."

In August 1945, Japan was defeated in the Second World War and announced its unconditional surrender on August 15. After eight years of heroic war of resistance against Japan, the Chinese people

45. finally regained Taiwan. Taiwan compatriots celebrated their return to the motherland with joy. On October 25th, the surrender ceremony of Taiwan Province of the Allied Powers of the Chinese Theater was held in Taipei. The surrendered chief official declared on behalf of the

46. Chinese government: From now on, Taiwan and the Penghu Islands have officially re-entered the territory of China, and all land, people, and political affairs have been Under Chinese sovereignty. So far, Taiwan and Penghu have returned to Chinese sovereignty.

47. After another 4 year's civil war, CPC won, PRC gets set up on Oct. 1st, 1949, the former Kuomintang government retreats to Taiwan, their leader Chiang Kai-shek claimed: there's only one China, Taiwan belongs to China.