General musing in this thread: One public policy issue that seems to have major consequences, but not as much attention in discourse (though it would have been tried in various countries) is on increasing birth rates. It seems to be quite important as an issue (1/5)

Since for econ. growth and a social safety net that most countries have, it needs to have a low dependency ratio (dependents/ working age population). And many countries do face demographics as one of the biggest challenges - from European nations, to Japan and Russia etc. (2/5)

Apart from the social safety net being challenged, it may lead to challenges with military capability (less spending as more spending goes towards social security). And the immigration solution almost always leads to issues with social cohesion (3/5)

Mass immigration leads to a political backlash. So the lever has to be encouraging people to have more children. I know many countries have tried it with nudges and incentives, what’s the track record? And given lags, doesn’t it need to be done well in advance (4/5)

For example in India, wouldn’t we need to do something like this NOW- so that we don’t fall into the China trap of becoming old before we become rich (or middle income). Would be keen to read any research on the same if someone points to useful links. (5/5).