*new as in the full, peer-reviewed version of the pre-print article released last year
https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🧬" title="DNA" aria-label="Emoji: DNA">New evidence of & #39;substantial& #39; geneflow INTO Scandinavia, incl. from southern (!) Europe & also Britain. We suspected this, but great to see more conclusive evidence AND from regions we previously didn& #39;t know about

(...links nicely to my #RiverKings, more on that soonhttps://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="😉" title="Zwinkerndes Gesicht" aria-label="Emoji: Zwinkerndes Gesicht">) /2
https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🧬" title="DNA" aria-label="Emoji: DNA">Proof of intermarriage between Sami & Scandinavian populations --> Really exciting. Artefacts & literary sources suggest this. Also shows identities are complex & difficult to interpret....
https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🧬" title="DNA" aria-label="Emoji: DNA">Proof of intermarriage between Picts & Scandinavians on Orkney! /3
https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🧬" title="DNA" aria-label="Emoji: DNA">One of the men from the St John& #39;s college massacre is a close relative to someone buried at Galgedil in Denmark!! (This info is hidden deep in the article& #39;s supplement so you& #39;ll need to do some excavation work to find it....) /6
BUT now for the problems: although based on a relatively large sample set (c 390 from Viking Age) they are from across n. Europe and ~300 years. Only ~30% are women. Chronology is not really considered. Samples are NOT representative of the full picture! Most problematic... /7
is England: They conclude the influx is largely Danish BUT their samples are very skewed. Their 32 samples are ALL from two mass graves dating to the late 10th / early 11th century. These are very unlikely to represent the Scandinavian settlers in England! They may even... /8
...all have recently arrived as raiders like other evidence suggests & fit into a time when the Danes& #39; political interest in England was huge. I.e. we absolutely can& #39;t see this as representing the full Scandinavian settlement of England. This is a bigger problem... /9
....with this and similar studies, using limited samples to make broad sweeping statements. We need to do better and integrate ALL the evidence! But there is a LOT to unpack and more cool results here when we link the genetics to the archaeology, isotopes, & other evidence. /10
...see, for example, my forthcoming book River Kings, out next year, where I try to do exactly that!

https://www.amazon.co.uk/River-Kings-Catrine-Jarman/dp/0008353077

/end">https://www.amazon.co.uk/River-Kin... of simplified commentary https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🙃" title="Auf den Kopf gestelltes Gesicht" aria-label="Emoji: Auf den Kopf gestelltes Gesicht">
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