Marxist free labor debates— focused on a specific definition of extraction, exploitation, and value— are now applied to every kind of platform-related work, which renders the category of digital labor too broad to be useful. Gandini rightly calls for more precision and clarity
Gandini cites @kylzjarrett, who offered a crucial feminist critique of the free labor discourse's focus on immateriality as novelty. The feminist angle here seems key, and I wonder if more attention to care, in(visibility), and social reproduction may offer a way forward
That said, there's plenty of excellent empirical work on specific labor practices on specific platforms, and locally situated studies examining how work practices involving digital technologies intersect with local regulation, cultural norms, and processes of gentrification
It will be interesting to see how future labor tech researchers combine more platform specificity and precision with richer theories about the social world
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