Read on Twitter
1/22
KOCH& #39;S POSTULATES THREAD. Sorry, long thread.
SARS-CoV-2 and Koch’s postulates. Has testing and recovery fulfilled Koch’s postulates?
1.The pathogen must be present in every case of the disease.
KOCH& #39;S POSTULATES THREAD. Sorry, long thread.
SARS-CoV-2 and Koch’s postulates. Has testing and recovery fulfilled Koch’s postulates?
1.The pathogen must be present in every case of the disease.
2/22
2.The pathogen must be isolated from the host with the disease and grown in pure culture.
3.The specific disease must be reproduced when a pure culture of the pathogen is inoculated into a healthy susceptible host.
2.The pathogen must be isolated from the host with the disease and grown in pure culture.
3.The specific disease must be reproduced when a pure culture of the pathogen is inoculated into a healthy susceptible host.
3/22
4.The pathogen must be recoverable from the experimentally infected host.
4.The pathogen must be recoverable from the experimentally infected host.
4/22
1.The pathogen must be present in every case of the disease.
Virus isolated from first patient in Korea: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7036342/">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/artic...
1.The pathogen must be present in every case of the disease.
Virus isolated from first patient in Korea: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7036342/">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/artic...
5/22
1.The pathogen must be present in every case of the disease.
Infection in 7-week old baby: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971220303428">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/a...
1.The pathogen must be present in every case of the disease.
Infection in 7-week old baby: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971220303428">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/a...
6/22
1.The pathogen must be present in every case of the disease.
Isolated from urine: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/22221751.2020.1760144">https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/...
1.The pathogen must be present in every case of the disease.
Isolated from urine: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/22221751.2020.1760144">https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/...
7/22
1.The pathogen must be present in every case of the disease.
Isolated from serum, urine and stool: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7282421/">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/artic...
1.The pathogen must be present in every case of the disease.
Isolated from serum, urine and stool: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7282421/">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/artic...
8/22
1.The pathogen must be present in every case of the disease.
Isolated from first Australian patient: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.5694/mja2.50569">https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/...
1.The pathogen must be present in every case of the disease.
Isolated from first Australian patient: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.5694/mja2.50569">https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/...
9/22
2.The pathogen must be isolated from the host with the disease and grown in pure culture.
Isolated and grown in Vero and LLC-MK2 cell culture, from a 7-week old baby: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971220303428">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/a...
2.The pathogen must be isolated from the host with the disease and grown in pure culture.
Isolated and grown in Vero and LLC-MK2 cell culture, from a 7-week old baby: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971220303428">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/a...
10/22
2.The pathogen must be isolated from the host with the disease and grown in pure culture.
Isolated from first Australian patient, grown in Vero-SLAM cell culture: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.5694/mja2.50569">https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/...
2.The pathogen must be isolated from the host with the disease and grown in pure culture.
Isolated from first Australian patient, grown in Vero-SLAM cell culture: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.5694/mja2.50569">https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/...
11/22
2.The pathogen must be isolated from the host with the disease and grown in pure culture.
Isolated from the first US patient, grown in Vero CCL81 cell culture: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7239045/">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/artic...
2.The pathogen must be isolated from the host with the disease and grown in pure culture.
Isolated from the first US patient, grown in Vero CCL81 cell culture: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7239045/">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/artic...
12/22
3.The specific disease must be reproduced when a pure culture of the pathogen is inoculated into a healthy susceptible host.
Demonstrated in Syrian hamster: https://science.sciencemag.org/content/369/6506/956.full">https://science.sciencemag.org/content/3...
3.The specific disease must be reproduced when a pure culture of the pathogen is inoculated into a healthy susceptible host.
Demonstrated in Syrian hamster: https://science.sciencemag.org/content/369/6506/956.full">https://science.sciencemag.org/content/3...
13/22
3.The specific disease must be reproduced when a pure culture of the pathogen is inoculated into a healthy susceptible host.
Demonstrated in Rhesus macaques: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41422-020-0364-z">https://www.nature.com/articles/...
3.The specific disease must be reproduced when a pure culture of the pathogen is inoculated into a healthy susceptible host.
Demonstrated in Rhesus macaques: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41422-020-0364-z">https://www.nature.com/articles/...
14/22
3.The specific disease must be reproduced when a pure culture of the pathogen is inoculated into a healthy susceptible host.
Demonstrated in a mouse model: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1931312820303024">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/a...
3.The specific disease must be reproduced when a pure culture of the pathogen is inoculated into a healthy susceptible host.
Demonstrated in a mouse model: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1931312820303024">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/a...
15/22
3.The specific disease must be reproduced when a pure culture of the pathogen is inoculated into a healthy susceptible host.
Demonstrated in ferrets: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1931312820301876">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/a...
3.The specific disease must be reproduced when a pure culture of the pathogen is inoculated into a healthy susceptible host.
Demonstrated in ferrets: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1931312820301876">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/a...
16/22
3.The specific disease must be reproduced when a pure culture of the pathogen is inoculated into a healthy susceptible host.
Demonstrated in fruit bats, ferrets, pigs and chickens: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666524720300896">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/a...
3.The specific disease must be reproduced when a pure culture of the pathogen is inoculated into a healthy susceptible host.
Demonstrated in fruit bats, ferrets, pigs and chickens: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666524720300896">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/a...
17/22
3.The specific disease must be reproduced when a pure culture of the pathogen is inoculated into a healthy susceptible host.
Demonstrated in golden hamsters: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2342-5">https://www.nature.com/articles/...
3.The specific disease must be reproduced when a pure culture of the pathogen is inoculated into a healthy susceptible host.
Demonstrated in golden hamsters: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2342-5">https://www.nature.com/articles/...
18/22
3.The specific disease must be reproduced when a pure culture of the pathogen is inoculated into a healthy susceptible host.
Demonstrated in ferrets, cats, dogs and other domesticated animals: https://science.sciencemag.org/content/368/6494/1016.full">https://science.sciencemag.org/content/3...
3.The specific disease must be reproduced when a pure culture of the pathogen is inoculated into a healthy susceptible host.
Demonstrated in ferrets, cats, dogs and other domesticated animals: https://science.sciencemag.org/content/368/6494/1016.full">https://science.sciencemag.org/content/3...
19/22
4.The pathogen must be recoverable from the experimentally infected host.
Recovered from ferrets, cats, dogs and other domesticated animals: https://science.sciencemag.org/content/368/6494/1016.full">https://science.sciencemag.org/content/3...
4.The pathogen must be recoverable from the experimentally infected host.
Recovered from ferrets, cats, dogs and other domesticated animals: https://science.sciencemag.org/content/368/6494/1016.full">https://science.sciencemag.org/content/3...
20/22
4.The pathogen must be recoverable from the experimentally infected host.
Recovered from golden hamsters: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2342-5">https://www.nature.com/articles/...
4.The pathogen must be recoverable from the experimentally infected host.
Recovered from golden hamsters: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2342-5">https://www.nature.com/articles/...
21/22
4.The pathogen must be recoverable from the experimentally infected host.
Recovered from ferrets: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666524720300896">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/a...
4.The pathogen must be recoverable from the experimentally infected host.
Recovered from ferrets: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666524720300896">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/a...
22/22
4.The pathogen must be recoverable from the experimentally infected host.
Recovered from ferrets: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1931312820301876">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/a...
4.The pathogen must be recoverable from the experimentally infected host.
Recovered from ferrets: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1931312820301876">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/a...
