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Hey geomicrobiology and microbiome tweeps!
Do you know that the sulfosugar #sulfoquinovose (SQ) is a ubiquitous microbial nutrient in the environment and in a vegetarian diet?
No?
Here comes some SQ propaganda…a thread
#sulfurcycle #carboncycle #H2S #microbiome #diet
Do you know that the sulfosugar #sulfoquinovose (SQ) is a ubiquitous microbial nutrient in the environment and in a vegetarian diet?
No?
Here comes some SQ propaganda…a thread
#sulfurcycle #carboncycle #H2S #microbiome #diet
First, for #sulfoquinovose newbies, I very much recommend the wonderful review by Ethan Goddard-Borger @ethangbaus & Spencer Williams @sjwill99
Sulfoquinovose in the biosphere: occurrence, metabolism and functions https://portlandpress.com/biochemj/article/474/5/827/49718/Sulfoquinovose-in-the-biosphere-occurrence#.X0vE0yDUkJw.twitter
Sulfoquinovose in the biosphere: occurrence, metabolism and functions https://portlandpress.com/biochemj/article/474/5/827/49718/Sulfoquinovose-in-the-biosphere-occurrence#.X0vE0yDUkJw.twitter
#sulfoquinovose is a sulfonated glucose and most often found as polar head group of sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol (SQDG), a ubiquitous sulfolipid in the photosynthetic membranes of all green land plants, algae, dinoflagellates, and cyanobacteria
SQDG is one of the most abundant organic sulfur compounds in the biosphere (production rate of 100,000,000,000 tons per year!) and can represent up to a third of the total lipids in leafy green vegetables #spinach #lettuce #greenonion
SQDG #sulfoquinovose are abundant sources of carbon and sulfur in the global nutrient cycles and substrates for the gut microbiota of animals/humans that like their greens
Think of popeye's diet #spinach
as the ultimate #sulfoquinovose boost for your gut microbiota 
Think of popeye's diet #spinach
as the ultimate #sulfoquinovose boost for your gut microbiota
So how is all the #sulfoquinovose in the environment and our guts degraded?
Thanks to the work of team @DSchleheck
Three bacterial pathways for #sulfoquinovose degradation (sulfoglycolytic pathways) are currently known
Thanks to the work of team @DSchleheck
Three bacterial pathways for #sulfoquinovose degradation (sulfoglycolytic pathways) are currently known
1. pathway: E.coli and some other Enterobacteriaceae have the sulfo-EMP (Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas) pathway for #sulfoquinovose breakdown and growth
Note that the sulfo-EMP pathway is an additional, analogous pathway to the classical EMP pathway https://www.nature.com/articles/nature12947
Note that the sulfo-EMP pathway is an additional, analogous pathway to the classical EMP pathway https://www.nature.com/articles/nature12947
2. pathway: Pseudomonas putida and some other Proteobacteria have the sulfo-ED pathway for #sulfoquinovose breakdown and growth https://www.pnas.org/content/112/31/E4298
3. pathway: The newly discovered SFT pathway is present in some aerobic and anaerobic Firmicutes and named after its characteristic sulfofructose transaldolase (SFT) https://www.cell.com/iscience/fulltext/S2589-0042(20)30702-1
All three #sulfoquinovose pathways encode a #sulfoquinovosidase (an alpha-glucosidase in the glycoside hydrolase family 31 - GH31) that cleaves SQ from SQ-glycosides such as SQDG
https://www.nature.com/articles/nchembio.2023
https://www.nature.com/articles/nchembio.2023
Aerobic and anaerobic glycolytic #sulfoquinovose (C6) degradation produces a classical C3-compound for growth – either pyruvate or dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) – and a C3-sulfonate that is excreted – either sulfolactate or dihydroxypropanesulfonate (DHPS)
The #sulfoquinovose degradation products #sulfolactate and #DHPS can be utilized by other microorganisms as carbon and/or sulfur sources and energy sources via intracellular production of #sulfite (S oxidation state +4) = electron donor or acceptor https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2018.02792/full
Sulfonates #DHPS are nutrients and energy sources for sulfur oxidizers in the pelagic ocean
Check out work by the teams of Mary Ann Moran & @BryndanDurham for more info!
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41564-019-0507-5
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41579-019-0250-1
Check out work by the teams of Mary Ann Moran & @BryndanDurham for more info!
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41564-019-0507-5
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41579-019-0250-1
Green-diet-derived #sulfoquinovose is an exclusive growth substrate and thus a potential prebiotic of some abundant bacterial commensals in the human gut
Yet, complete degradation of SQ by cross-feeding of #DHPS produces #H2S
Our new preprint https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-49676/latest
Yet, complete degradation of SQ by cross-feeding of #DHPS produces #H2S
Our new preprint https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-49676/latest
Eubacterium rectale and Bilophila wadsworthia cooperatively catabolize #sulfoquinovose to acetate and #H2S as main products in human fecal microcosms and in co-culture
Interspecies transfer of #DHPS links a green diet with #H2S production in the gut
#spinach #Popeye
Interspecies transfer of #DHPS links a green diet with #H2S production in the gut
#spinach #Popeye
Eubacterium rectale ferments #sulfoquinovose to DHPS via the SFT pathway
which is exclusive to E. rectale and few other intestinal Firmicutes species such as Feacalibacterium prausnitzii
which is exclusive to E. rectale and few other intestinal Firmicutes species such as Feacalibacterium prausnitzii
Across the fecal metatranscriptomes of many individuals
#sulfoquinovose degradation was expressed prevalently and abundantly (top 33% of all microbial pathways)
#sulfoquinovose degradation was expressed prevalently and abundantly (top 33% of all microbial pathways)
and mostly by Eubacterium rectale and Feacalibacterium prausnitzii
Bilophila utilizes #DHPS as electron acceptor via a new oxygen-sensitive glycyl-radical enzyme that releases sulfite from DHPS for anaerobic respiration to #H2S via the DsrABC pathway
The DHPS sulfite-lyase cleaves #DHPS into hydroxyacetone and #sulfite
https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-49676/latest
The DHPS sulfite-lyase cleaves #DHPS into hydroxyacetone and #sulfite
https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-49676/latest
In parallel, the DHPS sulfite-lyase was also discovered by the team of Yan Zhang, with additional biochemical and structural data
Excitingly, they also describe a DHPS-dehydratase in bacteria that ferment DHPS without #H2S production https://www.pnas.org/content/117/27/15599.long
Excitingly, they also describe a DHPS-dehydratase in bacteria that ferment DHPS without #H2S production https://www.pnas.org/content/117/27/15599.long
In Bilophila and other bacteria, the DHPS sulfite-lyase is paralogous to isethionate sulfite-lyase, a key enzyme in anaerobic taurine degradation that was also discovered by the teams of @DSchleheck https://www.pnas.org/content/116/8/3171
and Yan Zhang https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-09618-8
and Yan Zhang https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-09618-8
#metatranscriptome analysis of DsrABC-sulfite reduction and DHPS/isethionate sulfite-lyase activities suggested Bilophila and other Desulfovibrionaceae use mostly #taurine but also #DHPS for #H2S production in the human gut
Thanks for reading!
Keep in mind that #sulfoquinovose metabolism is a core physiological attribute of the human gut that is likely modifiable by diet - think of #Popeye #spinach- and contributes to host health
https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-49676/latest
#H2S #acetate #microbiome #prebiotic
Keep in mind that #sulfoquinovose metabolism is a core physiological attribute of the human gut that is likely modifiable by diet - think of #Popeye #spinach
- and contributes to host healthhttps://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-49676/latest
#H2S #acetate #microbiome #prebiotic
ADDENDUM:
#H2S is a Janus-faced molecule
with detrimental
#toxic https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0006295201006578?via%3Dihub
#mucusbreaker https://www.pnas.org/content/112/32/10038
and beneficial effects
https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/ajpgi.00249.2017
on the intestinal environment
#H2S is a Janus-faced molecule
with detrimental
#toxic https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0006295201006578?via%3Dihub
#mucusbreaker https://www.pnas.org/content/112/32/10038
and beneficial effects
https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/ajpgi.00249.2017
on the intestinal environment
The complex host-endogenous
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S089158491830251X
and microbial processes
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10620-017-4689-5
that regulate intestinal #H2S homeostasis and how they are influenced by #diet or health state are yet insufficiently defined
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S089158491830251X
and microbial processes
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10620-017-4689-5
that regulate intestinal #H2S homeostasis and how they are influenced by #diet or health state are yet insufficiently defined
