2) Toppling Monuments, a Visual History. @nytimes:

“History is littered with the shattered remains of toppled statues, and more are toppling now in the American South” https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/17/world/controversial-statues-monuments-destroyed.html
3)”in 1776..after the Declaration of Independence was ratified..a moment that was immortalized in a mid-19th-century painting, soldiers and civilians tore down a gilded statue of Britain’s King George III in Manhattan”

Toppling Monuments, a Visual History https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/17/world/controversial-statues-monuments-destroyed.html
4) Protesters Topple Colonialist Monuments in England and Belgium as Black Lives Matter Demonstrations Spread Across Europe:

“A statue of Edward Colston was tossed into Bristol harbor and monuments to King Leopold II were defaced in Belgium.” @artnet https://news.artnet.com/art-world/colonial-monuments-topple-europe-1880991
5) Another Statue of a European Slaver Has Been Toppled/

“A statue of King Leopold II in Antwerp has been taken down by Belgian authorities” @VICE
https://www.vice.com/en_ca/article/889gy3/another-statue-of-a-european-slaver-has-been-toppled
6)Reflecting on Statues and the UK’s Colonial Past:

“a guide for teachers to begin conversations with their students about the toppling of Colston’s statue..relationship between some public statues and Britain’s role as a colonising and imperial power” https://www.facinghistory.org/resource-library/reflecting-statues-and-uks-colonial-past
7) Monuments of white supremacy obscure the history of colonial crimes:

“easy to blame the criticism and ultimate collapse of these symbols on..heat of the current moment. But academics, writers and activists have been trying to remove statues for years” https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2020/06/13/monuments-white-supremacy-obscure-history-colonial-crimes-thats-why-they-must-come-down/
8)Is this the end for colonial-era statues?

“Statues of colonialists and brutal leaders..toppled by protesters or removed by governments..as campaigns to bring down monuments to historical figures tainted by racism and slavery spread around the world” https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/is-this-the-end-for-colonial-era-statues/vp-BB16d9hQ
9)Recall

President Reagan challenges Gorbachev to "Tear down this wall".

“June 12, 1987..famous Cold War speeches, President Ronald Reagan challenges Soviet Leader Mikhail Gorbachev to ‘tear down’ the Berlin Wall, a symbol of the..Communist era..Germany” https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/reagan-challenges-gorbachev-to-tear-down-the-berlin-wall
10)On the rise & fall of statues. Eg statues of Lenin pulled down in Ethiopia, Ukraine, India, across Russia.

“Russia alone had around 7,000 concrete and stone memorials to the father of the first Communist state.”

Where Have Russia's Lenin Statues Gone? https://theculturetrip.com/europe/russia/articles/where-have-russias-lenin-statues-gone/
11)When Should We Rename Schools and Pull Down Statues?

“Opponents argue that they honor history. Proponents counter that most Confederate #statues were erected long after the war—as a way of opposing civil rights, not celebrating battlefield valor” https://www.washingtonian.com/2019/03/06/when-should-we-rename-schools-and-pull-down-statues/
12)Which stories do we choose to tell? Recall: US-led coup d’état in Iran and toppling of “a statue of the Shah of Iran's father, in Tehran, August 17, 1953.”

Why a U.S.-led coup seven decades ago still matters to young Iranians. #statues @haaretzcom https://www.haaretz.com/us-news/.premium.MAGAZINE-why-a-u-s-led-coup-seven-decades-ago-still-matters-to-young-iranians-1.9082408
13)Recall

The Toppling: How the Media Inflated the Fall of Saddam's Statue in Firdos Square.

“How saturation media coverage of the toppling of Saddam Hussein's statue in..fueled the perception that the war had been won” @propublica https://www.propublica.org/article/the-toppling-saddam-statue-firdos-square-baghdad
14)Recall the rise & fall of statues & images that symbolized the rule of subsequently executed Libyan leader Colonel Muammar Gaddafi (eg the ‘Fist Crushing a US Fighter Plane Sculpture’ in Misrata in 2011)

Video:Libyan protesters destroy Gaddafi monument https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/libya/8333302/Libyan-protesters-destroy-Gaddafi-monument.html
15)Statues/monuments are put up, taken down, eg those of Hitler. What should be done with them?

“There Are No Nostalgic Nazi Memorials.

Americans could learn from how drastically German society has moved away from the nadir of its history” #statues https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2019/09/germany-has-no-nazi-memorials/597937/
16)Germany Doesn’t Have Statues Of Hitler, So Why Do We Have Confederate Monuments, @bustle

“Confederacy and Nazi Germany were motivated..by white supremacy—the belief that white people are superior...have the right (and obligation) to dominate non-white” https://www.bustle.com/p/does-germany-have-statues-of-hitler-nazis-are-not-remembered-like-confederate-generals-77400
17)In Canada it’s necessary to reflect on, and come to terms with, the history, symbols and legacies of being one of the British Empire’s “White Dominions”—Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Irish Free State, Newfoundland, Union of South Africa—and the continuing non/mis-education.
19)Implications for universities.

#RhodesMustFall—It was Never Just About the Statue.

“Originally directed against a statue that commemorates the colonial icon Cecil John Rhodes..wave of student protests..called for the ‘decolonisation’ of universities“ https://za.boell.org/en/2018/02/19/rhodesmustfall-it-was-never-just-about-statue
20)In South Africa, the colonial and apartheid statues interconnected with a larger quest to décolonisé the mind, knowledge, the curriculum, universities.

#RhodesMustFall in Conversation with Achille Mbembe PART 1 filmed by Wandile Kasibe, @YouTube
21)Decolonizing Knowledge and the Question of the Archive. by Achille Mbembe. In an @africasacountry Ebook:

“What does bringing down the statue of a late 19th century privateer have to do with decolonizing a 21st century university?” #highered #cdnpse https://africaisacountry.atavist.com/decolonizing-knowledge-and-the-question-of-the-archive
24)Decolonising the University, Gurminder K Bhambra, Dalia Gebrial, Kerem Nişancıoğlu

#RhodesMustFall:Nibbling at Resilient Colonialism in South Africa,Frances B Nyamnjoh

Rhodes Must Fall: The Struggle to Decolonise the Racist Heart of Empire, Eds B Kwoba, R Chantiluke, A Nkopo
29)Why some Ryerson students want the Toronto university to change its name. @cbcradio
https://www.cbc.ca/radio/asithappens/as-it-happens-wednesday-edition-1.4191090/why-some-ryerson-students-want-the-toronto-university-to-change-its-name-1.4191092

Below statue of Methodist minister Adolphus Egerton Ryerson (1803-82) whose ideas of segregated educ influenced the Residential School System https://www.ryerson.ca/content/dam/aec/pdfs/egerton%20ryerson_fullstatement.pdf
30) Dalhousie University probes founder's record on slavery and race as it marks bicentennial.

“Lord Dalhousie called black refugees 'slaves by habit and education'” https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/nova-scotia/dalhousie-slavery-bicentennial-1.4524383
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