In a Wikipedia hole about ancient Jewish kingdoms outside the Land of Israel

Himyarite Kingdom in modern Yemen converted to Judaism sometime between 380 and 390 but didn't adopt Hebrew or the Hebrew calendar. They appear to have converted mostly out of hostility to neighboring Byzantines and Ethiopians

In 478, the throne of the Himyarite Kingdom was usurped by a pagan named Dhu Shanatir or "the man with earrings" who was a gay pedophile serial killer. He died when he was stabbed in the anus by one of his would-be victims, Yosef, who then became the country's last Jewish king

King Josef was notorious for persecuting Christians (although he claimed he did so because Jews were persecuted in Christian lands). One killing of a Christian missionary, which the Ethiopians alleged was a Jewish ritual sacrifice, led to the Ethiopians invading and conquering

Kingdom of Semien in modern Ethiopia was formed in approximately 325 by Jews who rejected the Ethiopian monarchy's conversion to Christianity

Around the year 1000, the queen of Semien, named Gudit or Judith, conquered Christian Ethiopian, burned all the Christian churches, and attempted to kill all the members of the Ethiopian royal family

The Christian Ethiopian royal family claimed direct descent from King Solomon of Israel and the Queen of Sheba. The royal family of Semien claimed direct descent from Zadok, the High Priest of Israel during King Solomon's reign

The Semien monarchy ruled Ethiopian for a about a century until they were overthrown by local Christians who founded the Zagwe dynasty. The Zagwe dynasty was in turn overthrown in 1270 by another Christian dynasty which claimed to be a restored Solomonic line

Queen Gudit/Judith appears to have been relatively well documented close to the time that she lived however more recent historians have attempted to claim that she was pagan or Muslim and that labeling her as Jewish was an anti-Semitic allegory

Y'all already know about the Khazars so I ain't gotta tell you

There was also possibly a Jewish kingdom called Habor around the Arabian city of Khaybar in the 16th century. A man named David Reubeni claimed to be from there and went to Europe to try to organize a Jewish-Christian alliance against the Ottoman Empire

He attracted some initial interest from Pope Clement VII and King John III of Portugal but both eventually decided he was an untrustworthy conman and probably not telling the truth about his origins

EXTREMELY funny that there was a Jewish grifter named Dave Rubin in the 16th century who attempted to advocate for a Judeo-Christian alliance against Islam

There were also 3 Jewish city states in modern day Iraq. One formed by 2 bandit brothers who were backed by Persia which collapsed when one of the brothers married a shiksa, another formed by a short lived revolt against the Persians, and one formed by a local queen who converted