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Kishtwari word of the day!
#Kishtwari yeććʰun 𑚣𑚮𑚏𑚶𑚐𑚰𑚝𑚶 यॆच्छुन् [jetː͡ɕʰʊn] ('to learn'), where the verbal stem yeććʰ- 𑚣𑚮𑚏𑚶𑚐𑚶- यॆच्छ्- continues Sanskrit śíkṣ- शिक्ष्- ('learn'), as in śíkṣati शिक्ष॑ति॑ [ɕɪ́kʂɐt̻ɪ] ('learns')
The development of ...
#Kishtwari yeććʰun 𑚣𑚮𑚏𑚶𑚐𑚰𑚝𑚶 यॆच्छुन् [jetː͡ɕʰʊn] ('to learn'), where the verbal stem yeććʰ- 𑚣𑚮𑚏𑚶𑚐𑚶- यॆच्छ्- continues Sanskrit śíkṣ- शिक्ष्- ('learn'), as in śíkṣati शिक्ष॑ति॑ [ɕɪ́kʂɐt̻ɪ] ('learns')
The development of ...
... Sanskrit śíkṣ- to Kishtwari yeććʰ- becomes clear by looking at Kishtwari's closest relative relative Kashmiri, where the cognate to yeććʰun is hećʰun 𑆲𑆼𑇌𑆗𑆶𑆤𑇀 हॆछुन् [hʲet͡ɕʰʊn] with stem hećʰ- 𑆲𑆼𑇌𑆗𑇀 हॆछ्.
As is regular in the Kashmiri group of languages ...
As is regular in the Kashmiri group of languages ...
... (which comprises Kashmiri proper, together with Kishtwari and Poguli), Sanskrit ś /ɕ/ regularly debuccalizes to /h/ unless followed directly by /r/. This resulting initial /h-/ is preserved in Kashmiri proper but has been lost in this Kishtwari example (loss of initial ...
... /h-/ is not a regular development in Kishtwari in all positions, but may be in front of front vowels, like [-ʲe-] < /-ɪ-/ in this case).
For Sanskrit kṣ /kʂ/, again, we regularly have a development to /-tː͡ɕʰ-/ non-initially and /t͡ɕʰ-/ initially in the Kashmiri group, ...
For Sanskrit kṣ /kʂ/, again, we regularly have a development to /-tː͡ɕʰ-/ non-initially and /t͡ɕʰ-/ initially in the Kashmiri group, ...
... where Kishtwari preserves (some??) geminates but not Kashmiri proper. There probably was an intermediate retroflexed stage */ʈː͡ʂ/, which is preserved in the languages to the north-west of Kashmiri, but no evidence of that phonetic realization exists in the Kashmiri group...
... today.
Example sentence:
bɨ tʰus yeććʰan Kiśtvāṛī.
बॖ थुस् यॆच्छन् किश्त्वाड़ी।
𑚠𑚰𑚶 𑚚𑚰𑚨𑚶 𑚣𑚮𑚏𑚶𑚐𑚝𑚶 𑚊𑚮𑚧𑚶𑚙𑚶𑚦𑚭𑚪𑚯𑇅
/bɪ̈ t̻ʰʊs jetː͡ɕʰɐn kɪɕt̻ʋɑ̈ːɽiː/
1.sɢ.ᴅɪʀ ᴄᴏᴘ.ᴘʀᴇs[ᴅɪʀ]-ᴍ.sɢ-1 learn-ᴘʀᴏɢ.ᴘᴛᴄᴘ Kishtwari
I am learning Kishtwari.
Example sentence:
bɨ tʰus yeććʰan Kiśtvāṛī.
बॖ थुस् यॆच्छन् किश्त्वाड़ी।
𑚠𑚰𑚶 𑚚𑚰𑚨𑚶 𑚣𑚮𑚏𑚶𑚐𑚝𑚶 𑚊𑚮𑚧𑚶𑚙𑚶𑚦𑚭𑚪𑚯𑇅
/bɪ̈ t̻ʰʊs jetː͡ɕʰɐn kɪɕt̻ʋɑ̈ːɽiː/
1.sɢ.ᴅɪʀ ᴄᴏᴘ.ᴘʀᴇs[ᴅɪʀ]-ᴍ.sɢ-1 learn-ᴘʀᴏɢ.ᴘᴛᴄᴘ Kishtwari
I am learning Kishtwari.
