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Ishkashimi verb of the day!
#Ishkashimi кьл- kəl- [kɘ̟l- ~ kɘ̟ɭ-] (& #39;kill, cut& #39;) < Proto-Iranian *kau̯s- (& #39;kill, fight& #39;) < Proto-Indo-European *keu̯h₂-(s-) (& #39;strike, hit, pinch, nibble at, ...& #39;)
The verbal root *keu̯h₂- is attested widely in Indo-European, but Indo-Iranian ... https://twitter.com/Anahita_SD/status/1297600152329486339">https://twitter.com/Anahita_S...
#Ishkashimi кьл- kəl- [kɘ̟l- ~ kɘ̟ɭ-] (& #39;kill, cut& #39;) < Proto-Iranian *kau̯s- (& #39;kill, fight& #39;) < Proto-Indo-European *keu̯h₂-(s-) (& #39;strike, hit, pinch, nibble at, ...& #39;)
The verbal root *keu̯h₂- is attested widely in Indo-European, but Indo-Iranian ... https://twitter.com/Anahita_SD/status/1297600152329486339">https://twitter.com/Anahita_S...
... extends it by an infix -s- (probably also in Tocharian).
Within Indo-Iranian, verbs in the zero grade *kus- are attested right from the earliest stages, Avestan kuš- (& #39;fight, struggle& #39;) & Sanskrit kuṣ- (& #39;tear, nibble at& #39;), continuing through Middle Iranian (Middle ...
Within Indo-Iranian, verbs in the zero grade *kus- are attested right from the earliest stages, Avestan kuš- (& #39;fight, struggle& #39;) & Sanskrit kuṣ- (& #39;tear, nibble at& #39;), continuing through Middle Iranian (Middle ...
... Persian, Choresmian etc.), and down to the modern languages, e.g.,
- Persian kuš- (& #39;kill, murder& #39;), also kuštī (& #39;wrestling& #39;) from the same source
- Kurdish k̠uş- (& #39;kill& #39;)
- Zazaki kış- (& #39;kill& #39;)
- Qohrudi kʉš- (& #39;kill)
- Talysh kъš- (& #39;kill)
- Pashto koẓ̌- (& #39;peel off& #39;)
- Persian kuš- (& #39;kill, murder& #39;), also kuštī (& #39;wrestling& #39;) from the same source
- Kurdish k̠uş- (& #39;kill& #39;)
- Zazaki kış- (& #39;kill& #39;)
- Qohrudi kʉš- (& #39;kill)
- Talysh kъš- (& #39;kill)
- Pashto koẓ̌- (& #39;peel off& #39;)
- Sarikoli kɛyɣ̌- (& #39;cut& #39;)
- Shughni kaɣ̌- (& #39;cut, kill, skin& #39;)
- Wakhi čəɣ̌- (& #39;cut, skin, stab& #39;)
The Sanglechi-Ishkashimi group, in particular, gets *-ḷ- /-ɭ-/ regularly as a inter-vocalic (post-vocalic??) reflex of Proto-Iranian *-š-. In Sanglechi, there appears to be a ...
- Shughni kaɣ̌- (& #39;cut, kill, skin& #39;)
- Wakhi čəɣ̌- (& #39;cut, skin, stab& #39;)
The Sanglechi-Ishkashimi group, in particular, gets *-ḷ- /-ɭ-/ regularly as a inter-vocalic (post-vocalic??) reflex of Proto-Iranian *-š-. In Sanglechi, there appears to be a ...
... shift of *-ḷ- < *-š- to -l- /l/ while *-ḷ- < *-rd- is preserved as a retroflex thus creating a phonemic split of sorts — probably the only case of a phonemic retroflex lateral in Iranian, though the Pashto flap /ɽ/ often has a lateral coloring for most speakers. In ...
... Ishkashmi, though, there seems to be free variation between [-l-] and [-ɭ-] for the lateral resulting from from both sources (Proto *-š- and *-rd-).
In any case, a lateral reflex of *-š- is among the features defining the close-knit genetic grouping of Ishkashimi, ...
In any case, a lateral reflex of *-š- is among the features defining the close-knit genetic grouping of Ishkashimi, ...
... Sanglechi, Zebiaki and neighboring lects of the southern Pamirs.
To find the Ishkashimi-Sanglechi-Zebiaki cluster, look at a map of map of Afghanistan and note where it extends as a narrow buffer to the north-east separating Pakistan and Tajikistan. This thin strip of ...
To find the Ishkashimi-Sanglechi-Zebiaki cluster, look at a map of map of Afghanistan and note where it extends as a narrow buffer to the north-east separating Pakistan and Tajikistan. This thin strip of ...
... land separating the former British colony of India and the south-eastern reaches of the Soviet Union is called the Wakhan corridor. Right where this appendage pushes out of Afghanistan is the Ishk.-Sang.-Zeb. cluster. Westward in the Wakhan corridor proper, Wakhi is the ...
... main language. Most speakers of Ishk.-Sang.-Zeb. are in Afghanistan, I believe, but there exists a sizeable population in Tajikistan too.
Dialects on both side of the Afghan-Tajik border have been studied. Afghan dialects in Morgenstierne& #39;s fieldwork on the languages ...
Dialects on both side of the Afghan-Tajik border have been studied. Afghan dialects in Morgenstierne& #39;s fieldwork on the languages ...
... of the Hindu Kush and southern Pamirs, and Tajik dialects by the thorough exploration of Russian linguists in the Soviet Union (culminating in Paxalina& #39;s publications which is what I studied mostly), and most recently, in @LangData& #39;s work!!
I get really excited about ...
I get really excited about ...
... East Iranic languages, hence all this extra info in case anyone reading this wants to follow up and bask in their glory too :)
Listen to a song in Шкошми зъвок Škošmi zəvok below https://youtu.be/oU7AKH0sV7A ">https://youtu.be/oU7AKH0sV...
Listen to a song in Шкошми зъвок Škošmi zəvok below https://youtu.be/oU7AKH0sV7A ">https://youtu.be/oU7AKH0sV...
Example sentence:
тьмьхьв в̌ани кьлд
təməx=əv wan-i kəld
2.ᴘʟ.ɴᴏᴍ=2.ᴘʟ 3.sɢ.ᴏʙʟ-ᴏʙᴊ kill.ᴘsᴛ
y& #39;all killed him
Like all (most??) Pamiri languages, there is no explicit person or number agreement for verbs in the past tense, but agreement clitics (=əv above) attach ...
тьмьхьв в̌ани кьлд
təməx=əv wan-i kəld
2.ᴘʟ.ɴᴏᴍ=2.ᴘʟ 3.sɢ.ᴏʙʟ-ᴏʙᴊ kill.ᴘsᴛ
y& #39;all killed him
Like all (most??) Pamiri languages, there is no explicit person or number agreement for verbs in the past tense, but agreement clitics (=əv above) attach ...
... to the first major constituent of a sentence. There is no trace of ergativity in this cluster, and the agreement clitics function as would be expected in any nominative-accusative language (note the direct object marker -i).
I love how the root & #39;kill& #39; is kəl-, and its past stem, i.e., & #39;killed& #39;, is kəld 
https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🙂" title="Leicht lächelndes Gesicht" aria-label="Emoji: Leicht lächelndes Gesicht">
However, English kill(ed) and Ishkashimi kəl(d) are not cognates! From the Indo-European root *keu̯h₂ that gives Ishkashimi kəl, English gets the verb hew ( #Etymology_1">https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hew #Etymology_1).">https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hew...
However, English kill(ed) and Ishkashimi kəl(d) are not cognates! From the Indo-European root *keu̯h₂ that gives Ishkashimi kəl, English gets the verb hew ( #Etymology_1">https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hew #Etymology_1).">https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hew...
