A thread on "long covid", which describes long-term symptoms of Covid-19.

My point here is that infections matter, not just deaths. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=reHPBedlPxU">https://www.youtube.com/watch...
An in-depth interview with someone suffering long-covid symptoms.

This group of people are often called "long haulers", and they don& #39;t seem to be very rare. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q27Noj41c50">https://www.youtube.com/watch...
Self-reported long hauler symptoms.

https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5e8b5f63562c031c16e36a93/t/5f20f07af57a1f3b8b3d5045/1595994237318/2020+Survivor+Corps+COVID-19+%27Long+Hauler%27+Symptoms+Survey+Report+%28revised+July+25%29.pdf">https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5e...
"From ‘brain fog’ to heart damage, COVID-19’s lingering problems alarm scientists"

https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/07/brain-fog-heart-damage-covid-19-s-lingering-problems-alarm-scientists?fbclid=IwAR01S32yQgHdIkAI9dF3ikcZ5KhQi_kOojCFodWkvoKphkrygOMRCA5cKQo">https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020...
A big question is about how rare these long haulers are. The data aren& #39;t clear on this, but we know it isn& #39;t incredibly rare. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/politics/2020/08/05/mps-hear-aftereffects-coronavirus-can-linger-months-cause-lasting/">https://www.telegraph.co.uk/politics/...
Half a million patients have 'long Covid', with after-effects lingering for months

GPs are regularly misdiagnosing ongoing problems from Covid-19 as anxiety or ME, telling some patients it's 'all in their head'

https://www.telegraph.co.uk/politics/2020/08/05/mps-hear-aftereffects-coronavirus-can-linger-months-cause-lasting/
Now a study of 60 COVID-19 patients published in Lancet this week finds that 55% of them were still displaying such neurological symptoms during follow-up visits three months later. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/eclinm/article/PIIS2589-5370(20)30228-5/fulltext">https://www.thelancet.com/journals/...
Cerebral Micro-Structural Changes in COVID-19 Patients – An MRI-based 3-month Follow-up Study

Study findings revealed possible disruption to micro-structural and functional brain integrity in the recovery stages of COVID-19, suggesting the long-term consequences of SARS-CoV-2.

https://www.thelancet.com/journals/eclinm/article/PIIS2589-5370(20)30228-5/fulltext
The data seems to be slowly trickling out, but it honestly doesn’t look promising. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m2815">https://doi.org/10.1136/b...
Covid-19: What do we know about “long covid”?

As recognition grows that many patients have long lasting effects, Elisabeth Mahase examines the evidence and the response “Long covid” is a term being used to describe illness in people who have...

https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m2815
"To summarise, persistent respiratory complications following covid-19 may cause substantial population morbidity, and optimal management remains unclear." https://www.bmj.com/content/370/bmj.m3001">https://www.bmj.com/content/3...
Long term respiratory complications of covid-19

Substantial population morbidity is likely The extent and severity of the long term respiratory complications of covid-19 infection remain to be seen, but emerging data indicate that many patients...

https://www.bmj.com/content/370/bmj.m3001
Looks like a potentially great resource for long haulers.

"When I found out about this website, the Post-COVID Hub, I can’t tell you how huge it was. It was like someone was finally acknowledging what is happening." https://www.post-covid.org.uk/get-support/ ">https://www.post-covid.org.uk/get-suppo...
Get support after COVID-19

Get support to help you recover after you've had coronavirus. Whether you've been ill at home, in hospital, or in intensive care, we're here to help.

https://www.post-covid.org.uk/get-support/
https://twitter.com/drericding/status/1293113322678747137?s=21">https://twitter.com/drericdin... https://twitter.com/DrEricDing/status/1293113322678747137">https://twitter.com/DrEricDin...
“Around 10% of patients who have tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 virus remain unwell beyond three weeks, and a smaller proportion for months.”

https://twitter.com/trishgreenhalgh/status/1293148324107821058?s=21">https://twitter.com/trishgree... https://twitter.com/trishgreenhalgh/status/1293148324107821058">https://twitter.com/trishgree...
Long covid in primary care: assessment and initial management of patients with continuing symptoms
On the psychiatric effects of Covid:

"55% of the sample presented a clinical score for at least one mental disorder."

"Females suffered more than males, scoring higher in all the measures."

"COVID-19... is associated with psychiatric implication." #b0015">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0889159120316068 #b0015">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/a...
Anxiety and depression in COVID-19 survivors: Role of inflammatory and clinical predictors

Infection-triggered perturbation of the immune system could induce psychopathology, and psychiatric sequelae were observed after previous coronavirus …

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0889159120316068#b0015
A summary of a few recent papers on the neurological/psychological issues resulting from Covid.

Articles coming in the following tweets. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2GgQHm5SESc">https://www.youtube.com/watch...
For severely ill patients (post-hospitalization):

The survey showed that more than half of the 402 patients monitored after being treated for the virus experienced at least one of these disorders: PTSD, anxiety, insomnia and depression. https://uk.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-disorders/some-covid-19-survivors-suffer-psychiatric-disorders-italian-study-says-idUKKCN24Z21O">https://uk.reuters.com/article/u...
Some COVID-19 survivors suffer psychiatric disorders, Italian study says

COVID-19 survivors suffer higher rates of psychiatric disorders including post-traumatic stress (PTSD), anxiety, insomnia and depression, according to a study conducted by San Raffaele hospital in...

https://uk.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-disorders/some-covid-19-survivors-suffer-psychiatric-disorders-italian-study-says-idUKKCN24Z21O
https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2020/08/long-haulers-covid-19-recognition-support-groups-symptoms/615382/">https://www.theatlantic.com/health/ar...
Long-Haulers Are Redefining COVID-19

Without understanding the lingering illness that some patients experience, we can’t understand the pandemic.

https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2020/08/long-haulers-covid-19-recognition-support-groups-symptoms/615382/
On previously hospitalized patients:

"At 8-12 weeks post admission, 134 patients were available for follow up and 110 attended. Most (74%) had persistent symptoms (notably breathlessness and excessive fatigue)
with reduced HRQoL. "

https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2020/08/14/2020.08.12.20173526.full.pdf">https://www.medrxiv.org/content/m...
German study of 100 patients (67 recovered at home, while 33 required hospitalization):

"CMR revealed cardiac involvement in 78 patients (78%) and ongoing myocardial inflammation in 60 patients (60%)..." https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2768916">https://jamanetwork.com/journals/...
Outcomes of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients Recently Recovered From COVID-19

This cohort study evaluates the presence of myocardial injury in unselected patients recently recovered from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2768916
US, n=270 (nonhospitalized):

"35% had not returned to their usual state of health when interviewed 2–3 weeks after testing. Among persons aged 18–34 years with no chronic medical conditions, one in five had not returned to their usual state of health."

https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6930e1.htm?s_cid=mm6930e1_w">https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volu...
@BretWeinstein and @HeatherEHeying chat about potential dangers of "mild" cases which could end up showing long-term effects (including reduced life expectancy) ">https://youtu.be/a4VnZ8j_x...
https://twitter.com/bmj_latest/status/1303216999837954048?s=21">https://twitter.com/bmj_lates... https://twitter.com/bmj_latest/status/1303216999837954048">https://twitter.com/bmj_lates...
An old paper has been updated.

"COVID-19 causes cardiac dysfunction in up to 50% of patients, but the pathogenesis remains unclear."

->

"Although COVID-19 causes cardiac dysfunction in up to 25% of patients, its pathogenesis remains unclear."

New: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.25.265561v2">https://www.biorxiv.org/content/1...
SARS-CoV-2 infection of human iPSC-derived cardiac cells predicts novel cytopathic features in...

Although COVID-19 causes cardiac dysfunction in up to 25% of patients, its pathogenesis remains unclear. Exposure of human iPSC-derived heart cells to SARS-CoV-2 revealed productive infection and...

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.25.265561v2
A great resource for keeping track of the medical literature https://www.uptodate.com/home/covid-19-access">https://www.uptodate.com/home/covi...
Clinical Effectiveness COVID-19 Resources Available to All

https://www.uptodate.com/home/covid-19-access
Great article about the knowns and unknowns of long-term damage from Covid:

https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-02598-6">https://www.nature.com/articles/...
I think this is really well said:

https://twitter.com/ascotblack/status/1305212513517293568?s=21">https://twitter.com/ascotblac... https://twitter.com/AscotBlack/status/1305212513517293568">https://twitter.com/AscotBlac...
@edyong209& #39;s article on what we know and what we don& #39;t know about heart issues.

Lots of good sources (many already in this thread), and a fairly nuanced discussion, which is refreshing. https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2020/09/covid-19-heart-pandemic-coronavirus-myocarditis/616420/">https://www.theatlantic.com/health/ar...
The Core Lesson of the COVID-19 Heart Debate

The new coronavirus seems so strange because it has our full attention in a way most viruses don’t.

https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2020/09/covid-19-heart-pandemic-coronavirus-myocarditis/616420/
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