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A comment I received about Fabricated or Induced Illness (FII) & autism has made me reflect on if PDA is a good defense against FII. The answer I get is well no... It has allowed me to revisit a hypothesis of mine. So a new thread becons.
I have tried to structure this beforehand, it probably will be rhizomatic & so might appear a bit chaotic.
Thread on the evidence to support my hypothesis of:
Hypothesis: PDA is a trauma/ distress response not specific to autism.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337001992_An_Updated_Interest_Based_Account_Monotropism_theory_A_Developmental_Model_and_Demand_Avoidance_Phenomena
Hypothesis: PDA is a trauma/ distress response not specific to autism.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337001992_An_Updated_Interest_Based_Account_Monotropism_theory_A_Developmental_Model_and_Demand_Avoidance_Phenomena
An interesting aspect of much of this evidence is that it also happens to be some evidence that PDA is seen in non-autistic persons.
I will start off with clinical opinions viewing PDA linked to attachment disorder or personality disorders.
There is research to suggest the view that PDA is associated to trauma & might be a form of personality disorder/ attachment disorder etc.
"High attention deficit, antagonism, and low emotional stability predict PDA." Autism did not predict PDA...
This is the Egan et al (2019) that previous research replicated some of its findings. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10803-018-3722-7
This is the Egan et al (2019) that previous research replicated some of its findings. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10803-018-3722-7
The points about conduct issues and ADHD support the research from here:
https://twitter.com/Richard_Autism/status/1290357702934355970
On ADHD & Conduct Disorder "latter two diagnoses of which can be linked to the environment, poor early caregiving and attachments (Kumsta et al, 2015)."
https://twitter.com/Richard_Autism/status/1290357702934355970
On ADHD & Conduct Disorder "latter two diagnoses of which can be linked to the environment, poor early caregiving and attachments (Kumsta et al, 2015)."
Many of the features assessed by PDA’s validated screening and diagnostic tools are associated with trauma:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340279248_Is_the_concept_of_Demand_Avoidance_Phenomena_Pathological_Demand_Avoidance_real_or_mythical
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340279248_Is_the_concept_of_Demand_Avoidance_Phenomena_Pathological_Demand_Avoidance_real_or_mythical
Results of my content analysis of validated PDA screening & diagnostic tools seems to be valid as it supports other literature, especially those mentioned above.
Other literature has fear based behaviours:
https://acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/camh.12242
&
http://www.pdaresource.com/files/An%20examination%20of%20the%20behavioural%20features%20associated%20with%20PDA%20using%20a%20semi-structured%20interview%20-%20Dr%20E%20O'Nions.pdf
https://acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/camh.12242
&
http://www.pdaresource.com/files/An%20examination%20of%20the%20behavioural%20features%20associated%20with%20PDA%20using%20a%20semi-structured%20interview%20-%20Dr%20E%20O'Nions.pdf
The point of the last 2 tweets is that fear or panic behaviours are found in PDA, these are probably caused by environmental factors or some kind aversive experience.
There is significant overlap in the trauma/ Looked After Children/ Attachment difficulties based literature, including clinical features and approaches.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337403754_Demand_Avoidance_Phenomena_Pathological_Demand_Avoidance_Core_Issues_Attachment_Trauma_Looked_After_Children
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337403754_Demand_Avoidance_Phenomena_Pathological_Demand_Avoidance_Core_Issues_Attachment_Trauma_Looked_After_Children
This is a continuation of the previous points.
The last 2 slides support critique in an article of mine, where I point out that PDA strategies are simply good practice for most/ all people.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337146735_Demand_avoidance_phenomena_circularity_integrity_and_validity_-a_commentary_on_the_2018_National_Autistic_Society_PDA_Conference
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337146735_Demand_avoidance_phenomena_circularity_integrity_and_validity_-a_commentary_on_the_2018_National_Autistic_Society_PDA_Conference
There also appears to be substantial overlap between Borderline Personality Disorder, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (2 constructs associated with trauma) and PDA:
https://rationaldemandavoidance.com/2020/04/21/can-reinforcement-based-approaches-cause-borderine-personality-disorder-in-persons-with-pathological-demand-avoidance/
https://rationaldemandavoidance.com/2020/04/21/can-reinforcement-based-approaches-cause-borderine-personality-disorder-in-persons-with-pathological-demand-avoidance/
Now I am going into interpreting Help4Psychology research results. They found a group they call "Rational Demand Avoidance" where CYP about 6 transition into PDA, often triggered by aversive school experiences.
https://network.autism.org.uk/sites/default/files/ckfinder/files/Differential%20diagnosis%20between%20PDA%20and%20attachment%20disorder%20-%20Dr%20Judy%20Eaton.pdf
https://network.autism.org.uk/sites/default/files/ckfinder/files/Differential%20diagnosis%20between%20PDA%20and%20attachment%20disorder%20-%20Dr%20Judy%20Eaton.pdf
The other result I am interpreting here is how the EDA-Q detects "PDA" in the "Rational Demand Avoidance" group & their "other" (attachment/ trauma related condition group).
Now bare in mind other research in this thread uses often uses either the EDA-Q (which a CYP screening tool) or the EDA-QA (the adult version of the EDA-Q), so the fact they are seeing PDA in the attachment/ trauma group is to be expected.
This is where I am interpreting the Help4Psychology results.
They will ardently disagree with me saying they are detecting "PDA" in these interpretations as they think PDA is from infancy & only diagnose PDA in autistic persons.
They will ardently disagree with me saying they are detecting "PDA" in these interpretations as they think PDA is from infancy & only diagnose PDA in autistic persons.
Help4Psychology PDA definitions:
https://network.autism.org.uk/sites/default/files/ckfinder/files/Further%20exploring%20the%20PDA%20profile%20-%20evidence%20from%20clinical%20cases%20-%20Dr%20Judy%20Eaton.pdf
The clinic only diagnoses PDA in autistic persons:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339240845_Pathological_Demand_Avoidance_and_the_DSM-5_a_rebuttal_to_Judy_Eaton
https://network.autism.org.uk/sites/default/files/ckfinder/files/Further%20exploring%20the%20PDA%20profile%20-%20evidence%20from%20clinical%20cases%20-%20Dr%20Judy%20Eaton.pdf
The clinic only diagnoses PDA in autistic persons:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339240845_Pathological_Demand_Avoidance_and_the_DSM-5_a_rebuttal_to_Judy_Eaton
I do not want to repeat previous critique of Help4Psychology PDA research PDA limitations or their approach to it. I do that enough elsewhere such as here: https://threadreaderapp.com/thread/1251878076465774592.html
I think Help4Psychology PDA definitions & view PDA is from infancy is derived from Newson's PDA aetiology being entirely genetic or biology caused & thus PDA behaviours are caused by environmental factors or bad parenting.
