ANATOMY

Joints [FCS-SAD]
1) Fibrous AKA Synarthrosis
2) Cartilaginous AKA Amphiarthrosis
3) Synovial AKA Diarthrosis

Hinge/Ginglymus joint: atlanto-occipital joint = YES joint

Trochoid/Pivot joint: atlano-axial joint = NO joint

Ligament: BONE to BONE attachment [LB]
Tendon: MUSCLE to BONE attachment

Bones of the THORACIC LIMB:
1) Thoracic girdle
- scapula & clavicle
2) Arm/Brachium
- humerus
3) Forearm/antebrachium
- radius & ulna
4) Forepaw/manus
- carpal bones, metacarpal bones, phalanges

SCAPULA

In dogs: ACROMION

Note: If the NECK is broken, the muscle that will be affected mostly will be the
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus

Glenoid cavity + Head of humerus = SHOULDER JOINT (ball and socket joint)

CLAVICLE

In : vestigial
In & : long

Origin for:
Cleidobrachialis
Cleidocephalicus

HUMERUS

LATERAL SIDE:
Greater tubercle
Teres minor tuberosity: insertion for TERES MINOR

MEDIAL SIDE:
Lesser tubercle
Teres major tuberosity: insertion for TERES MAJOR

Groove bet. greater & lesser tubercle: INTERTUBERCULAR/BICIPITAL GROOVE

Tendon of BICEPS BRACHII passes in this groove (INTERTUBERCULAR/BICIPITAL groove) and being held by a ligament called TRANSVERSE HUMERAL RETINACULUM

HUMERUS also has SUPRATROCHLEAR FORAMEN unique only to

HUMERUS

LATERAL condyle: CAPITULUM
MEDIAL condyle: TROCHLEA

Remember:

RADIUS = MEDIAL
U(L)NA = (L)ATERAL

GROOVES OF THE RADIUS (distal end)

What TENDONS will pass through it?

LATERAL: Common Digital Extensor (CDE)
MEDIAL: Abductor Digiti 1 Longus (Extensor Carpi Obliquus)
MIDDLE: Extensor Carpi Radialis (ECR)

ULNA

OLECRANON: serves as a very important landmark for clinical applications
- heart rate
- ultrasonography

KNOW THE NUMBERS!

In there are:

7 carpal bones
5 metacarpal bones
3 phalanges for digits 2 to 5
2 phalanges for digit 1

7 CARPAL BONES are arranged in 2 ROWS

PROXIMAL (medial to lateral):
Intermedioradial
Ulnar
Accessory

DISTAL (medial to lateral)
1st
2nd
3rd
4th

PHALANGES

Digits 2, 3, 4, 5: three (3) phalanges each composed of
Proximal
Middle
Distal

Digit 1: two (2) phalanges composed of:
Proximal
Distal

INSERTIONS?

(A) PALMAR SURFACE

MIDDLE phalanges 2, 3, 4, 5: Superficial Digital Flexor (SDF)

DISTAL phalanges 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (flexor tubercle): Deep Digital Flexor (DDF)

(B) DORSAL SURFACE

DISTAL phalanges 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (extensor process): Common Digital Extensor (CDE)

To remember:

PALMAR: flexors
(D)istal = (D)DF

DORSAL: extensor
Common digital EXTENSOR

VISUALIZATION:

VISUALIZATION:

BRACHIOCEPHALICUS

(A) Cleidobrachialis
(B) Cleidocephalicus
Cleidomastoideus
Cleidocervicalis