Ancient Egypt’s crowns, the Deshret crown, red crown worn by the ruler of Lower Egypt. Probably was made of fabric or leather with a copper wire ending in a spiral. In Egyptian mythology, the Deshret was first given to Horus by Geb to symbolize his rule over Lower Egypt.

The Hedjet crown, White crown was associated with Upper Egypt and confirmed the rule of the king over southern Egypt.
This Crown is depicted on one side of the Narmer Palette, it was worn by gods with a connection to upper Egypt, such as Nekhbet the vulture goddess and Horus.

The Pschent, Double Crown, known as Sekhemti,Two Powerful Ones,symbolized the king’s rule of Upper and Lower Egypt.The Pschent is often embelished with the cobra and the vulture (Wadjet and Nekhbet). The crowns were worn seperately in earlier periods until the 19th Dynasty.

The Khepresh (the blue crown) made from cloth or leather stained blue and was covered with small yellow sun discs. It is known as war crown, because Ramesses II the Great was depicted wearing it in the reliefs of the Battle of Kadesh, but its use wasn’t limited to warfare.

The Nemes is not a crown, but rather a striped headcloth that covered the whole head, sometimes extending a little way down the back. The earliest depiction of the nemes is the ivory label of Den, I Dynasty. In addition to the ureas, was sometimes combined with the double crown.

The Atef Crown, associated with Osiris, was worn by Sobek, Heryshef, Satet and other deities when combined with Osiris. It’s composed of a central element much like the Hedjet, woven from plant stems and flanked by two red ostrich feathers.

The Hemhem, during Akhenaten replaced the Atef. It was formed from reeds and ostrich feathers topped by sun disks set on top of a pair of long spiral ram’s horns with a cobra on either side of the crown. Hemhem means to shout or cry out, it may have represented a battle horn.