Thread by @Q_Meruem, A long thread on famous Muslim Mathematicians, Scientists, Philosophers, Chemists, Physicists, Biologists,etc.. [...]

A long thread on famous Muslim Mathematicians, Scientists, Philosophers, Chemists, Physicists, Biologists,etc.. & their contributions to the evolution of Mankind

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="⏬" title="Nach unten zeigendes doppeltes Dreieck" aria-label="Emoji: Nach unten zeigendes doppeltes Dreieck">

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔷" title="Große blaue Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Große blaue Raute">Al-Khwarizmi:

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">Father of Algorithms

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">First systematic solution of linear and quadratic equations

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">Introduced the methods of "reduction" & "balancing" in algebra

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">Made important contributions to trigonometry, producing accurate sine, cosine tables and first table of tangent

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔷" title="Große blaue Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Große blaue Raute">AL-ZAHRAWI:

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">Known as the Father of Surgery

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">First physician to identify the hereditary nature of haemophilia

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">Described a fatal affliction, abdominal pregnancy

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">First to discover the root cause of paralysis

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">Developed surgical devices which are used in modern hospitals

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔷" title="Große blaue Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Große blaue Raute">IBN FIRNAS:

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">The man who gave the idea of the modern day Wingsuit

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">Designed water clock

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">Devised a means of manufacturing colorless glass

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">Invented various glass planispheres

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">Made corrective lenses

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">Constructed a device which indicated the motion of the planets & stars

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔷" title="Große blaue Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Große blaue Raute">ABU RAYHAN AL-BIRUNI :

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">The founder of Indology

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">Father of comparative religion

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">Father of modern geodesy

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">First Anthropologist

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">The person who first subdivided the hour sexagesimally into minutes, seconds, thirds and fourths in 1000 while discussing Jewish months

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔷" title="Große blaue Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Große blaue Raute">IBN-SINA(AVICENNA):

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">The father of early modern medicine

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">Most influential philosopher of the pre-modern era

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="💠" title="Rautenform mit Punkt im Inneren" aria-label="Emoji: Rautenform mit Punkt im Inneren">His famous works :

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">The Book of Healing, a philosophical & scientific encyclopedia

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">The Canon of Medicine, an encyclopaedia used as a standard text until 1850& #39;s

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔷" title="Große blaue Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Große blaue Raute">IBN-RUSHD(AVERROES):

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">According to French author Averroes wrote at least 67 original works, including 28 works on philosophy, 20 on medicine, 8 on law, 5 on theology, and 4 on grammar

IBN-RUSHD(AVERROES):https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">According to French author Averroes wrote at least 67 original works, including 28 works on philosophy, 20 on medicine, 8 on law, 5 on theology, and 4 on grammar" title="https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔷" title="Große blaue Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Große blaue Raute">IBN-RUSHD(AVERROES):https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">According to French author Averroes wrote at least 67 original works, including 28 works on philosophy, 20 on medicine, 8 on law, 5 on theology, and 4 on grammar" class="img-responsive" style="max-width:100%;"/>

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔷" title="Große blaue Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Große blaue Raute">IBN-NAFIS :

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute"> Discovered Pulmonary Circulation, Coronary Circulation, Capillary Circulation, Pulsation,

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute"> One of the first to give the anatomy of Lungs

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">proved that the brain, rather than the heart, was the organ responsible for thinking and sensation.

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔷" title="Große blaue Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Große blaue Raute">IBN-KHALDUN:

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">Father of the modern disciplines of historiography,sociology, economics & demography

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">Studied the origin & causes of poverty

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">Looked at factors contributing to wealth such as consumption, government & investment(present day GDP)

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">Gave Supply and demand theory

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔷" title="Große blaue Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Große blaue Raute">JABIR IBN HAYYAN:

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">father of Arab chemistry and one of the founders of modern pharmacy.

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">Gave the seeds of the modern classification of elements into metals & non-metals.
Some of his Works includes......

JABIR IBN HAYYAN:https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">father of Arab chemistry and one of the founders of modern pharmacy.https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">Gave the seeds of the modern classification of elements into metals & non-metals.Some of his Works includes......" title="https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔷" title="Große blaue Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Große blaue Raute">JABIR IBN HAYYAN:https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">father of Arab chemistry and one of the founders of modern pharmacy.https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">Gave the seeds of the modern classification of elements into metals & non-metals.Some of his Works includes......" class="img-responsive" style="max-width:100%;"/>

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https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">Jabirian Corpus:
The scope of the corpus is vast: cosmology, music, medicine, magic, biology, chemical technology, geometry, grammar, metaphysics, logic, artificial generation of living beings, along with astrological predictions, and symbolic Imâmî myths.

Jabirian Corpus:The scope of the corpus is vast: cosmology, music, medicine, magic, biology, chemical technology, geometry, grammar, metaphysics, logic, artificial generation of living beings, along with astrological predictions, and symbolic Imâmî myths." title="...https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">Jabirian Corpus:The scope of the corpus is vast: cosmology, music, medicine, magic, biology, chemical technology, geometry, grammar, metaphysics, logic, artificial generation of living beings, along with astrological predictions, and symbolic Imâmî myths.">

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https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">He is credited with the use of over twenty types of now-basic chemical laboratory equipment, such as the alembic, retort etc..., and with the description of many now-commonplace chemical processes

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute"> Known to have discovered HCL

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute"> Gave sulphur-Mercury theory

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https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">Gave the descriptions of crystallisation, various forms of distillation & substances such as citric acid, acetic acid, tartaric acid, As, Sb & Bi, S & Hg. mineral acids such as sulfuric acid, nitric acid and aqua regia have been in the Jabirian corpus.

Gave the descriptions of crystallisation, various forms of distillation & substances such as citric acid, acetic acid, tartaric acid, As, Sb & Bi, S & Hg. mineral acids such as sulfuric acid, nitric acid and aqua regia have been in the Jabirian corpus." title="..https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">Gave the descriptions of crystallisation, various forms of distillation & substances such as citric acid, acetic acid, tartaric acid, As, Sb & Bi, S & Hg. mineral acids such as sulfuric acid, nitric acid and aqua regia have been in the Jabirian corpus.">

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔷" title="Große blaue Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Große blaue Raute">IBN AL-HAYTHAM(AlHAZEN) :

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">The father of modern optics

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">First to demonstrate that vision occurs in the brain, rather than in the eyes & that vision occurs when light reflects from an object and then passes to one& #39;s eyes

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">One of the first to explain the concept of retina....

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https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">Alhazen& #39;s work also contained the first clear description, outside of China, of camera obscura(pinhole projection) in the areas of the Middle East, Europe, Africa and India & early analysis of the device. This concept of camera obscura is still used in modern day

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="📷" title="Kamera" aria-label="Emoji: Kamera">.....

Alhazen& #39;s work also contained the first clear description, outside of China, of camera obscura(pinhole projection) in the areas of the Middle East, Europe, Africa and India & early analysis of the device. This concept of camera obscura is still used in modern day https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="📷" title="Kamera" aria-label="Emoji: Kamera">....." title="...https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">Alhazen& #39;s work also contained the first clear description, outside of China, of camera obscura(pinhole projection) in the areas of the Middle East, Europe, Africa and India & early analysis of the device. This concept of camera obscura is still used in modern day https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="📷" title="Kamera" aria-label="Emoji: Kamera">....." class="img-responsive" style="max-width:100%;"/>

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https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">after the formulas for the sums of squares & cubes had been stated, he derived the formulas for the sum of 4th powers.

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">The Kitab al-Manazir describes several experimental observations & how Alhazen used them to explain certain optical phenomena using mechanical analogies

after the formulas for the sums of squares & cubes had been stated, he derived the formulas for the sum of 4th powers.https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">The Kitab al-Manazir describes several experimental observations & how Alhazen used them to explain certain optical phenomena using mechanical analogies" title="....https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">after the formulas for the sums of squares & cubes had been stated, he derived the formulas for the sum of 4th powers.https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">The Kitab al-Manazir describes several experimental observations & how Alhazen used them to explain certain optical phenomena using mechanical analogies" class="img-responsive" style="max-width:100%;"/>

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https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">Alhazen wrote a total of 25 astronomical works

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">Alhazen gave the law of cotangents

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute"> gave Ruffini-Horner Algorithm

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">Alhazen& #39;s problem: A theorem solved only in 1997 by Neumann

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute"> Invented Magnifying glass and convex lens

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">developed the method of proof by contradiction

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https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">Alhazen gave a simple form of Cauchy-Riemann Integral

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">Experimental scientific methods were Expounded & practised by Alhazen

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">The optic chiasm was earlier theorized by Alhazen in the early 11th century

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute"> The theorems of Alhazen were one the first theorems on hyperbolics

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔷" title="Große blaue Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Große blaue Raute">ISMAIL AL-JAZARI:

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">al-Jazari inventions:

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔻" title="Nach unten zeigendes rotes Dreieck" aria-label="Emoji: Nach unten zeigendes rotes Dreieck"> crankshaft (basic component of modern day vehicles)

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔻" title="Nach unten zeigendes rotes Dreieck" aria-label="Emoji: Nach unten zeigendes rotes Dreieck">Camshaft( used in internal combustion engines)

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔻" title="Nach unten zeigendes rotes Dreieck" aria-label="Emoji: Nach unten zeigendes rotes Dreieck">Escapement mechanism in a rotating wheel (modern day brake system)

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔻" title="Nach unten zeigendes rotes Dreieck" aria-label="Emoji: Nach unten zeigendes rotes Dreieck"> first known crank-slider mechanism(used in water pumps)...

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https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔻" title="Nach unten zeigendes rotes Dreieck" aria-label="Emoji: Nach unten zeigendes rotes Dreieck">Weight driven water clocks and candle clocks

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔻" title="Nach unten zeigendes rotes Dreieck" aria-label="Emoji: Nach unten zeigendes rotes Dreieck">musical robot band

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔻" title="Nach unten zeigendes rotes Dreieck" aria-label="Emoji: Nach unten zeigendes rotes Dreieck">earliest known automatic gates (driven by hydropower)

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔻" title="Nach unten zeigendes rotes Dreieck" aria-label="Emoji: Nach unten zeigendes rotes Dreieck">water wheels with cams

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔻" title="Nach unten zeigendes rotes Dreieck" aria-label="Emoji: Nach unten zeigendes rotes Dreieck">humanoid automata a waitress that could serve water, tea & drinks

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔻" title="Nach unten zeigendes rotes Dreieck" aria-label="Emoji: Nach unten zeigendes rotes Dreieck">automated moving peacocks (driven by hydropower )

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔷" title="Große blaue Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Große blaue Raute">AL-KINDI:

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">One of the fathers of cryptography

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">Was able to develop a scale that would allow doctors to quantify the potency of their medication

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">introduced several new methods of breaking ciphers, notably frequency analysis

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">Unambiguously described the distillation of wine

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔷" title="Große blaue Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Große blaue Raute">Banu Musa:

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">The Book of Ingenious Devices describes 100 inventions such as :

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔻" title="Nach unten zeigendes rotes Dreieck" aria-label="Emoji: Nach unten zeigendes rotes Dreieck">

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="▫️" title="Weißes kleines Quadrat" aria-label="Emoji: Weißes kleines Quadrat">Conical valve

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="▫️" title="Weißes kleines Quadrat" aria-label="Emoji: Weißes kleines Quadrat">control valve

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="▫️" title="Weißes kleines Quadrat" aria-label="Emoji: Weißes kleines Quadrat">Double-seat valve

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="▫️" title="Weißes kleines Quadrat" aria-label="Emoji: Weißes kleines Quadrat">Throttling valve

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔻" title="Nach unten zeigendes rotes Dreieck" aria-label="Emoji: Nach unten zeigendes rotes Dreieck">Music sequencer and mechanical musical instrument

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔻" title="Nach unten zeigendes rotes Dreieck" aria-label="Emoji: Nach unten zeigendes rotes Dreieck">Programmable machine and automatic flute player

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔻" title="Nach unten zeigendes rotes Dreieck" aria-label="Emoji: Nach unten zeigendes rotes Dreieck">Sine quadrant

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔷" title="Große blaue Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Große blaue Raute">IBN-SAHL:

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">Snell& #39;s law was first accurately described by the Persian scientist Ibn Sahl at the Baghdad court in 984. In the manuscript On Burning Mirrors and Lenses, ibn Sahl used the law to derive lens shapes that focus light with no geometric aberrations.

IBN-SAHL:https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">Snell& #39;s law was first accurately described by the Persian scientist Ibn Sahl at the Baghdad court in 984. In the manuscript On Burning Mirrors and Lenses, ibn Sahl used the law to derive lens shapes that focus light with no geometric aberrations." title="https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔷" title="Große blaue Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Große blaue Raute">IBN-SAHL:https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">Snell& #39;s law was first accurately described by the Persian scientist Ibn Sahl at the Baghdad court in 984. In the manuscript On Burning Mirrors and Lenses, ibn Sahl used the law to derive lens shapes that focus light with no geometric aberrations." class="img-responsive" style="max-width:100%;"/>

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔷" title="Große blaue Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Große blaue Raute">AL-KARAJI:

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">The first to realise that the sequence x, x^2,..& reciprocals 1/x, 1/x^2, 1/x^3,..could also be extended infinitely

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">Gave the rules for arithmetic operations for adding, subtracting & multiplying polynomials

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">First to introduce the theory of algebraic calculus

AL-KARAJI:https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">The first to realise that the sequence x, x^2,..& reciprocals 1/x, 1/x^2, 1/x^3,..could also be extended infinitelyhttps://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">Gave the rules for arithmetic operations for adding, subtracting & multiplying polynomialshttps://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">First to introduce the theory of algebraic calculus" title="https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔷" title="Große blaue Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Große blaue Raute">AL-KARAJI:https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">The first to realise that the sequence x, x^2,..& reciprocals 1/x, 1/x^2, 1/x^3,..could also be extended infinitelyhttps://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">Gave the rules for arithmetic operations for adding, subtracting & multiplying polynomialshttps://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">First to introduce the theory of algebraic calculus" class="img-responsive" style="max-width:100%;"/>

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔷" title="Große blaue Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Große blaue Raute">AL-RAZI:

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">The first to produce acids such as sulfuric acid

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">wrote extensive notes on diseases such as smallpox& chickenpox

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">author of the first book on pediatrics

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">making leading contributions in inorganic & organic chemistry

https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🔸" title="Kleine orangene Raute" aria-label="Emoji: Kleine orangene Raute">author of several philosophical works

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