Read on Twitter
A long thread on famous Muslim Mathematicians, Scientists, Philosophers, Chemists, Physicists, Biologists,etc.. & their contributions to the evolution of Mankind
Al-Khwarizmi:
Father of AlgorithmsFirst systematic solution of linear and quadratic equationsIntroduced the methods of "reduction" & "balancing" in algebraMade important contributions to trigonometry, producing accurate sine, cosine tables and first table of tangent
AL-ZAHRAWI:Known as the Father of SurgeryFirst physician to identify the hereditary nature of haemophiliaDescribed a fatal affliction, abdominal pregnancyFirst to discover the root cause of paralysisDeveloped surgical devices which are used in modern hospitals
IBN FIRNAS:The man who gave the idea of the modern day WingsuitDesigned water clockDevised a means of manufacturing colorless glassInvented various glass planispheresMade corrective lensesConstructed a device which indicated the motion of the planets & stars
ABU RAYHAN AL-BIRUNI : The founder of IndologyFather of comparative religionFather of modern geodesyFirst AnthropologistThe person who first subdivided the hour sexagesimally into minutes, seconds, thirds and fourths in 1000 while discussing Jewish months
IBN-SINA(AVICENNA):The father of early modern medicineMost influential philosopher of the pre-modern era
His famous works :The Book of Healing, a philosophical & scientific encyclopediaThe Canon of Medicine, an encyclopaedia used as a standard text until 1850's
IBN-RUSHD(AVERROES):According to French author Averroes wrote at least 67 original works, including 28 works on philosophy, 20 on medicine, 8 on law, 5 on theology, and 4 on grammar
IBN-NAFIS : Discovered Pulmonary Circulation, Coronary Circulation, Capillary Circulation, Pulsation, One of the first to give the anatomy of Lungs proved that the brain, rather than the heart, was the organ responsible for thinking and sensation.
IBN-KHALDUN:Father of the modern disciplines of historiography,sociology, economics & demographyStudied the origin & causes of povertyLooked at factors contributing to wealth such as consumption, government & investment(present day GDP)Gave Supply and demand theory
JABIR IBN HAYYAN:father of Arab chemistry and one of the founders of modern pharmacy.Gave the seeds of the modern classification of elements into metals & non-metals.Some of his Works includes......
...Jabirian Corpus:
The scope of the corpus is vast: cosmology, music, medicine, magic, biology, chemical technology, geometry, grammar, metaphysics, logic, artificial generation of living beings, along with astrological predictions, and symbolic Imâmî myths.
Jabirian Corpus:The scope of the corpus is vast: cosmology, music, medicine, magic, biology, chemical technology, geometry, grammar, metaphysics, logic, artificial generation of living beings, along with astrological predictions, and symbolic Imâmî myths.
...He is credited with the use of over twenty types of now-basic chemical laboratory equipment, such as the alembic, retort etc..., and with the description of many now-commonplace chemical processes
Known to have discovered HCL
Gave sulphur-Mercury theory
He is credited with the use of over twenty types of now-basic chemical laboratory equipment, such as the alembic, retort etc..., and with the description of many now-commonplace chemical processes Known to have discovered HCL Gave sulphur-Mercury theory
..Gave the descriptions of crystallisation, various forms of distillation & substances such as citric acid, acetic acid, tartaric acid, As, Sb & Bi, S & Hg. mineral acids such as sulfuric acid, nitric acid and aqua regia have been in the Jabirian corpus.
Gave the descriptions of crystallisation, various forms of distillation & substances such as citric acid, acetic acid, tartaric acid, As, Sb & Bi, S & Hg. mineral acids such as sulfuric acid, nitric acid and aqua regia have been in the Jabirian corpus.
IBN AL-HAYTHAM(AlHAZEN) :The father of modern opticsFirst to demonstrate that vision occurs in the brain, rather than in the eyes & that vision occurs when light reflects from an object and then passes to one's eyesOne of the first to explain the concept of retina....
...Alhazen's work also contained the first clear description, outside of China, of camera obscura(pinhole projection) in the areas of the Middle East, Europe, Africa and India & early analysis of the device. This concept of camera obscura is still used in modern day 
.....
Alhazen's work also contained the first clear description, outside of China, of camera obscura(pinhole projection) in the areas of the Middle East, Europe, Africa and India & early analysis of the device. This concept of camera obscura is still used in modern day .....
....after the formulas for the sums of squares & cubes had been stated, he derived the formulas for the sum of 4th powers.
The Kitab al-Manazir describes several experimental observations & how Alhazen used them to explain certain optical phenomena using mechanical analogies
after the formulas for the sums of squares & cubes had been stated, he derived the formulas for the sum of 4th powers.The Kitab al-Manazir describes several experimental observations & how Alhazen used them to explain certain optical phenomena using mechanical analogies
....Alhazen wrote a total of 25 astronomical works
Alhazen gave the law of cotangents
gave Ruffini-Horner Algorithm
Alhazen's problem: A theorem solved only in 1997 by Neumann
Invented Magnifying glass and convex lens
developed the method of proof by contradiction
Alhazen wrote a total of 25 astronomical worksAlhazen gave the law of cotangents gave Ruffini-Horner AlgorithmAlhazen's problem: A theorem solved only in 1997 by Neumann Invented Magnifying glass and convex lensdeveloped the method of proof by contradiction
....Alhazen gave a simple form of Cauchy-Riemann Integral
Experimental scientific methods were Expounded & practised by Alhazen
The optic chiasm was earlier theorized by Alhazen in the early 11th century
The theorems of Alhazen were one the first theorems on hyperbolics
Alhazen gave a simple form of Cauchy-Riemann IntegralExperimental scientific methods were Expounded & practised by AlhazenThe optic chiasm was earlier theorized by Alhazen in the early 11th century The theorems of Alhazen were one the first theorems on hyperbolics
ISMAIL AL-JAZARI:al-Jazari inventions: 
crankshaft (basic component of modern day vehicles)Camshaft( used in internal combustion engines)Escapement mechanism in a rotating wheel (modern day brake system) first known crank-slider mechanism(used in water pumps)...
...Weight driven water clocks and candle clocks
musical robot band
earliest known automatic gates (driven by hydropower)
water wheels with cams
humanoid automata a waitress that could serve water, tea & drinks
automated moving peacocks (driven by hydropower )
Weight driven water clocks and candle clocksmusical robot band earliest known automatic gates (driven by hydropower)water wheels with cams humanoid automata a waitress that could serve water, tea & drinksautomated moving peacocks (driven by hydropower )
AL-KINDI:One of the fathers of cryptographyWas able to develop a scale that would allow doctors to quantify the potency of their medicationintroduced several new methods of breaking ciphers, notably frequency analysisUnambiguously described the distillation of wine
Banu Musa:The Book of Ingenious Devices describes 100 inventions such as : 
Conical valve control valve Double-seat valve Throttling valveMusic sequencer and mechanical musical instrumentProgrammable machine and automatic flute playerSine quadrant
IBN-SAHL:Snell's law was first accurately described by the Persian scientist Ibn Sahl at the Baghdad court in 984. In the manuscript On Burning Mirrors and Lenses, ibn Sahl used the law to derive lens shapes that focus light with no geometric aberrations.
AL-KARAJI:The first to realise that the sequence x, x^2,..& reciprocals 1/x, 1/x^2, 1/x^3,..could also be extended infinitelyGave the rules for arithmetic operations for adding, subtracting & multiplying polynomialsFirst to introduce the theory of algebraic calculus
AL-RAZI:The first to produce acids such as sulfuric acidwrote extensive notes on diseases such as smallpox& chickenpoxauthor of the first book on pediatricsmaking leading contributions in inorganic & organic chemistryauthor of several philosophical works
