A new study suggests falling fertility rates will mean most countries could have shrinking populations by the end of the century

The study, by the Lancet medical journal warns of a "jaw-dropping" impact on society

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http://bbc.in/3fERIJy 
The BBC have looked at some of the most dramatic population changes forecast, and the measures governments are taking to combat them in:

🇯🇵 Japan
🇮🇹 Italy
🇨🇳 China
🇮🇷 Iran
🇧🇷 Brazil
🇮🇳 India
🇳🇬 Nigeria
http://bbc.in/3fERIJy 
Japan:

🇯🇵 Population set to more than halve by the end of 2099
🧓 World's oldest population (people aged 100+)
👵 Elderly will account for 35%+ of population by 2040
💼 Declining number of people able to fill jobs, due to low fertility rate - 1.4
http://bbc.in/3fERIJy 
Italy:

🇮🇹 Population expected to more than halve by end of century
👴 Ageing population
💸 Government programme aimed at boosting fertility rates
👶 Births remains among lowest in EU
🏡 Towns schemes to try to boost local populations
http://bbc.in/3fERIJy 
China:

🇨🇳 Population will peak in 4 years time, before potentially halving
👶 Birth rate fallen to lowest level in 70 years
👨 Men outnumber women by 30+ million
👨‍👩‍👧‍👦 Government ended one-child policy in 2015 allowing for two children
http://bbc.in/3fERIJy 
Iran:

🇮🇷 Forecast significant decline in population by 2100
🌆 Annual population growth has dropped below 1%
👰 Marriages & children in decline
⚕️ Birth control only offered to at-risk women & no longer carried out at state-run medical centres
http://bbc.in/3fERIJy 
Brazil:

🇧🇷 Population set to fall by 47 million by 2100
👶 Decline in fertility rates over past 40 years
✝️ Soap operas portraying small families contributed to lower birth rates
🤰Launched a government campaign to stem high teenage pregnancy rates
http://bbc.in/3fERIJy 
India:

🇮🇳 Expected to overtake China as the most populous country in the world by 2100
👫 Population is expected to drop by 2 million at the end of the century
👶 Birth rate stands at 2.24
👨‍👩‍👦 Prime Minister Narendra Modi called for smaller families
http://bbc.in/3fERIJy 
Nigeria:

🇳🇬 Population of sub-Saharan Africa expected to treble in size by 2100
👴 One of the largest working-age populations
🧒 Finance Minister Zainab Ahmed says there are a “lot of families who cannot even feed the children they have"
http://bbc.in/3fERIJy 
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