This thread will be an attempt to debunk AIT/AMT!

before we can begin,lemme give you a precursor to this Topic!

This started as a Mean to justify brutality,torture and exploitation of Hindus,the British raj!

When western scholars like William jones,Max müller...etc encountered similarities between languages of Hindus and around the world,it made them think,who are the Hindus and who are we as people? where is our ancestral land? where do we even come from?

Hence they started digging for their own identity,but before they would satisfy themselves with an answer they were confronted with a dilemma,in order to answer "who they are as people?" they will have to answer "who are the Hindus?"

The mittanian/Hittite findings can be considered as one of the foundations for proposing AIT/AMT,They were able to make connection between Hindus and Mittanians is because the Mittanian kings had Vedic Sanskrit names such as "Tushrattha" were using Sanskrit and Vedic Gods...

and one of them in a piece treaty to Pharoh Amenhotep II,the King said that "In the name of Indra,Varuna and Ashwini,I promise not to attack you",they were left dumbfounded as to how did vedic culture came so far away from India!

before this finding,the general consensus amongst European about their ancestral land was India,however after this surprising find they shifted the homeland to a mid point at almost equal distance to both(India & Mittani Empire),Central Asia!

The date of Mittani Empire was in their favour(1800~1500BCE) perfect for AIT/AMT!
to further this,they needed an ancestral language,so they Hypothesised a Language in todays date known as Proto Indo-European(PIE)!

It is not a real language,it has no script,there is no evidence to support it's existence nor there is any evidence of somebody using this language to communicate,No archaeological evidence to validate this languages existence,This is known as Tree model

Proposed by early indologist,by using comparative Linguistics,Where they took a dictionary of 200~300 common words and compared with each other mapping and calculating their distance,Phonetic changes ...etc geographically

what is even more funny is that this model has no context of Chronology,none whatsoever,on the side note the PIE language was hypothesised using Sanskrit going back on forth several times!

AIT/AMT has become such a hot mess,because no one challenged it,one dimensional approach is not enough to debunk this propaganda,it has to be multidimensional!

Lets take a look into the mindset of those early indologist,they belonged to anglican church,this was them when they encountered the History of Hindus,Their instinct was to uphold biblical chronology of 4004BCE universe...

Every word of this statement of AIT/AMT is important!

>>"Bands of male warriors from Central Asia(CA) invaded/migrated to Indian around 1500BCE"

>> "instantly replacing the existing civilization"

>>"Brought Vedic religion,Sanskrit and whole new vedic ecosystem"

There are two theories around AIT/AMT !

1:-Kurgen/Steppe Hypothesis by Maria Gimbutas (50's)

2:-Anatolian Hypothesis by Colin renfrew (90's)

Latter is not very often used but not to be neglected!

The Kurgen/Steppe hypothesis is the one that is the frequently used one!

*Extra Info*

Prof. Luca Cavali sforza was the first person to map human genes geographically in 1994 published his work "The History and Geography of human genes"

Stefan oppenheimer in 2003 studied mtDNA in order to answer the migration pattern and who are we as people?

he proposed based upon his study of mtDNA this is the migration model of Humans,around 85K years ago group of people from Africa left,he proposed that all the non-african people in the world are related to the group of people that left africa,the reason for them not moving west

was the existence of one more species known as neanderthals upto chagai hill (Iran),around 75K years ago there was a massive volcanic eruption(mount Toba event) which formed layer upto 4~5 mt. covering all of India & Pakistan,this caused a 6 years of nuclear winter

and 1K years of ice age,crashing the population to less than 10K breeding individuals,there is archaeological evidence to support this assertion,Jwalapuram excavation,where they found human artifacts under the ash layer!
Around 65K years ago the warming of Europe began

as a consequence to this the species living their went extinct,not even found in the fossil record,so the migration from western region of India began,the Migration model was 'generation by generation'
Pic 1:- Towards Europe(65K ya)
Pic 2:-Towards America(45K ya)

Kurgen/Steppe Hypothesis
>>Indo European people(IEP) emanated from Yamana(Open grave burial) culture

>>Domestication of Horse,Stone Idols

>>2500 BCE these folks spread to the west and became cordedware people and to the east as andronovo

Note: ISVC(Indus-Sarasvati valley civilization) existed at the same time along with Egypt,Sumeria,...etc,Antiquity are proof

>>1500BCE an archaeological complex known as BMAC appears for the first times according to this theory,A perfect timing for AIT/AMT

as it shows yamana people sipping into Gujrat & Sindh

>>500BCE the "Dravidian" for the first times appears on this theory,so as a result any endogamy should not date further back than 500BCE!

In 2013,This paper was published in American journal of Human genetics,Talks about how are the current population of India is derived from ANI(ancestral north Indian) & ASI(ancestral south Indian) population,They found that ASI & ANI,diverged from a common ancestor 60K years ago

existed side by side without mixing for a very long time,until 4000 years ago due to some reasons there was a Pervasive mixing amongst ASI & ANI,co relating with Stefan oppenheimers work,also on the side note don't jump to conclusion that endogamy is a proxy for Caste system

just take notes that these are present in your genetic records,we as people are walking,talking genetic artifacts!
To find any genetic traces of central asians in indian population they had look to back 10K+/12500 years and found in some NI(north Indians) population!

Nov.2012,This paper was published,they took samples of 1680 individual from various castes,Tribes,backgrounds to address the question of how old is endogamy as it is seen as a Proxy for caste system...

and according to Kurgen/Steppe hypothesis any endogamy should not be older than 500BCE because thats when the "Dravidian" as a Separate identity appears in the Hypothesis,however according to this research,Endogamy is at least 6000 years old in southern India

So if "Dravidian" as a separate identity is 500BCE old then how come Endogamy in southern India is 6K years old ? it(endogamy) is predating Caste system if the AIT/AMT is true and if it occured in the given time frame, then how can this be possible?

If Endogamy is considered as a proxy for caste system which was allegedly imposed onto the Dravidians by invading "Aryans" along with Vedic religion and so on,the in the southern India,it's is 6000 years old,predating AIT/AMT(1500BCE) by 2000 years!

People also ask questions that look North Indians have fairer skin than southern Indian people they're definitely different races,hope this paper will satisfy their curiosity,it was published Nov. 2013

This paper talks about how,South Asia and Europeans share this light skin allele of SLC24A5 which controls melanin in our body depending on the amount of sunlight we receive,ultimately deciding what skin tone we'll get from a common ancestor 22K~28K years ago