In the 5th century, a great British warrior chief battled Saxon invaders.
His heroism was legend.

His deeds spun by storytellers, his gallantry became richer in each telling.

He would become king of the ancient Britons.
When Welsh was the language of these islands…

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The first mention of Arthur is thought to be a reference in a line from the 6th century poem Y Gododdin, the earliest-known work of literature in Welsh.

It told of a time when much of western Britain (Wales, northern England and southern Scotland) spoke a common tongue.
The Historia Brittonum (History of the Britons), gives a 9th century record of Arthur:

He "fought against them [the Saxons] with the kings of the Britons but he himself was leader [Duke] of Battles."
The Annales Cambriae (Welsh Annals), compiled in the mid 10th century, records the date of Arthur's Battle of Badon in 518 AD, and his death at Camlann in 537-9 AD.

This suggests that if Arthur was indeed an historical figure, he probably lived in the 5th/6th century.
Some famous Arthurian sites are in modern-day England, notably:

• Tre war Venydh (English: Tintagel). Cornwall's "village on a mountain" - comparable with Welsh "Tref ar Fynydd"
• Glastonbury. It's claimed the town was founded by Glast, a descendant of Cunedda, King of Gwynedd
The people of Wales have traditionally accepted English venues for Arthurian legend because it acts as a reminder to the Welsh that, at one time, the entire island of Britain was theirs before the Saxon invasion.
Arthur's Saxon enemies called him Wealas—a foreigner—from where the word 'Welsh' derives, while the modern Welsh word for the English is Saeson (Saxons).

He remains an awkward figure for English culture—a reminder of how Anglo-Saxon is not indigenous to this island archipelago.
During the Victorian period he was reinvented as an English, rather than British, hero.

This involved throwing out history and concentrating on how he was a legend that supposedly embodied English romance and chivalry.
🏴󠁧󠁢󠁷󠁬󠁳󠁿 There’s far more to Wales than beautiful valleys, sweeping seascapes and rugged mountaintops.

It’s a country cloaked in an epoch-long tapestry of secrets.

I’m compiling its national treasures, spanning 220m years, in one huge Twitter Moment! 👉 http://bit.ly/SecretsOfWales 
You can follow @OwsWills.
Tip: mention @twtextapp on a Twitter thread with the keyword “unroll” to get a link to it.

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