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Random learning 101 (a thread)
Day 1
Eisenmenger syndrome
Increased pressure of blood flow to the lungs is too much that it reverses the direction of blood flow to the shunt.Blood flow from right side of heart goes to the left, wherein systemic circulation receives less oxygen to the organs or tissues
Eisenmenger syndrome
Increased pressure of blood flow to the lungs is too much that it reverses the direction of blood flow to the shunt.Blood flow from right side of heart goes to the left, wherein systemic circulation receives less oxygen to the organs or tissues
Day 2
There is no evidence yet of vertical transmission of COVID-19 from the mother to the child. (in the Philippines, or mostly in QC, or around Aurora Blvd).
There is no evidence yet of vertical transmission of COVID-19 from the mother to the child. (in the Philippines, or mostly in QC, or around Aurora Blvd).
Day 3
Palpable liver edge is a common physical examination finding in pediatric asthma.
(Lecturio)
Palpable liver edge is a common physical examination finding in pediatric asthma.
(Lecturio)
Day 4
It is very important to distinguish between Asthma and Bronchiolitis since both have a narrowed airway that can cause wheezing
In Asthma there is a constriction of smooth muscles while in Bronchiolitis the large amount of mucus is the one causing the narrowed airway.
It is very important to distinguish between Asthma and Bronchiolitis since both have a narrowed airway that can cause wheezing
In Asthma there is a constriction of smooth muscles while in Bronchiolitis the large amount of mucus is the one causing the narrowed airway.
Day 5
Sellick manuever
This is used in intubation and done by posteriorly applying firm pressure against the cricoid cartilage. Displacement of cricoid cartilage into the esophagus forms an artificial sphincter that would prevent reflux of gastroesophageal contents.
Sellick manuever
This is used in intubation and done by posteriorly applying firm pressure against the cricoid cartilage. Displacement of cricoid cartilage into the esophagus forms an artificial sphincter that would prevent reflux of gastroesophageal contents.
Day 6
Hydrops gallbladder is marked distention with milky/pus like material. Diagnosis can only be established during surgery and not through diagnostic use.
Hydrops gallbladder is marked distention with milky/pus like material. Diagnosis can only be established during surgery and not through diagnostic use.
Day 7
The most common type of urticaria in Filipino children is Infection.
The most common type of urticaria in Filipino children is Infection.
*most common type of urticaria after food allergy is "infection"
Day 8
Simple febrile seizure
Fever associated generalized tonic-clonic seizure lasting max of 15 mins w/o recurrence within 24hrs. This does not increase risk for mortality and there is only 1% risk for occurence of subsequent epilepsy after febrile seizure.
Simple febrile seizure
Fever associated generalized tonic-clonic seizure lasting max of 15 mins w/o recurrence within 24hrs. This does not increase risk for mortality and there is only 1% risk for occurence of subsequent epilepsy after febrile seizure.
Day 9
Skin to skin contact in newborn is important because it prevents hypothermia.
Hypothermia increases hemoglobin oxygen affinity and restricts oxygen discharge in tissue ...
Skin to skin contact in newborn is important because it prevents hypothermia.
Hypothermia increases hemoglobin oxygen affinity and restricts oxygen discharge in tissue ...
... Lack of oxygen shifts your cells to anaerobic metabolism to maintain ATP production. Lactic acid formation would result, and due to acidic environment, you would have a problem with coagulation because catalytic efficiency declines as pH decreases.
Day 11
Complicated migraines may result in temporary neurological deficits such as weakness or limpness (rare but can happen).
Complicated migraines may result in temporary neurological deficits such as weakness or limpness (rare but can happen).
Day 12
Analgesic abuse
Chronic use of Ibuprofen (NSAID) can cause headache. Headache becomes unresponsive to ibuprofen because it is the one causing the headache. Treatment would include cessation of Ibuprofen and patient suffers from their baseline headache until it resolves.
Analgesic abuse
Chronic use of Ibuprofen (NSAID) can cause headache. Headache becomes unresponsive to ibuprofen because it is the one causing the headache. Treatment would include cessation of Ibuprofen and patient suffers from their baseline headache until it resolves.
Day 13
There is difference bet. Japanese & American Kawasaki disease. The created clinical criteria for the diagnosis presented that these 2 disease are so different that they might be different diseases. Giant aneurysm and sickly child are more seen in Japanese Kawasaki Disease
There is difference bet. Japanese & American Kawasaki disease. The created clinical criteria for the diagnosis presented that these 2 disease are so different that they might be different diseases. Giant aneurysm and sickly child are more seen in Japanese Kawasaki Disease
Day 14
Clostridium difficile (diarrhea)
Infants <12 mos of age should not be tested for detection of C.difficile toxins in stool because they lack the receptor required for the infection.
Clostridium difficile (diarrhea)
Infants <12 mos of age should not be tested for detection of C.difficile toxins in stool because they lack the receptor required for the infection.
Day 15
Pediatric Drug Dosing
(Recommended dose x Weight) divided by Preparation = Dose given per day
Pediatric Drug Dosing
(Recommended dose x Weight) divided by Preparation = Dose given per day
Day 16
Intrauterine Infection (COVID19)
Intrauterine Infection rare due to lack of viral receptors (ACE2) on the placental cells, which makes placental infection unlikely.
Intrauterine Infection (COVID19)
Intrauterine Infection rare due to lack of viral receptors (ACE2) on the placental cells, which makes placental infection unlikely.
Day 17
Functional Constipation.
There is a behavioral component in functional constipation. Sometimes toddler choose to play instead of going to the bathroom, once it becomes a habit it turns into a problem.
Functional Constipation.
There is a behavioral component in functional constipation. Sometimes toddler choose to play instead of going to the bathroom, once it becomes a habit it turns into a problem.
Day 18
Pinggang Pinoy
Represents food group proportions on per-meal basis for Filipino children to meet their energy and nutrient needs.
Recommended proportion;
1/3 Go food (rice, bread etc),
1/6 Grow food (meat, eggs, fish etc) &
1/2 Glow food (fruits & vegetables).
Pinggang Pinoy
Represents food group proportions on per-meal basis for Filipino children to meet their energy and nutrient needs.
Recommended proportion;
1/3 Go food (rice, bread etc),
1/6 Grow food (meat, eggs, fish etc) &
1/2 Glow food (fruits & vegetables).
Day 19
Munchausen syndrome
Factitious fever or factitious disorder wherein the patient feigns intentionally a falsified general medical or psychiatric symptoms. Patient simulate or cause symptoms of an illness and/or injury to themselves.
Munchausen syndrome
Factitious fever or factitious disorder wherein the patient feigns intentionally a falsified general medical or psychiatric symptoms. Patient simulate or cause symptoms of an illness and/or injury to themselves.
Day 20
Intrauterine Development
Embryonic phase
(14 days to 9 weeks) is the most critical period of teratogenicity. It corresponds to time of organogenesis wherein major tissue and organ differentiation occurs and all organ system are established.
Intrauterine Development
Embryonic phase
(14 days to 9 weeks) is the most critical period of teratogenicity. It corresponds to time of organogenesis wherein major tissue and organ differentiation occurs and all organ system are established.
Day 21
Developmental Pediatrics
Red Flags are warning signs that suggest development or behavior problems in a child. Early detection helps to have early intervention which leads to better outcomes.
Regression or any loss of previously acquired skill, is the hallmark of autism
Developmental Pediatrics
Red Flags are warning signs that suggest development or behavior problems in a child. Early detection helps to have early intervention which leads to better outcomes.
Regression or any loss of previously acquired skill, is the hallmark of autism
Day 22
Specific Gravity of Urine (N: 1.010):
Low specific gravity (<1.010) = maximal water excretion
High specific gravity (>1.020) = maximal urinary concentration
pH of urine:
High pH = low carbohydrate or vegetarian diet
Low pH = high protein diet or acedemia
Specific Gravity of Urine (N: 1.010):
Low specific gravity (<1.010) = maximal water excretion
High specific gravity (>1.020) = maximal urinary concentration
pH of urine:
High pH = low carbohydrate or vegetarian diet
Low pH = high protein diet or acedemia
Day 23
Nitrite test
Bacteria reduces nitrate to nitrite. Nitrite test results are high in specificity but low in sensitivity. A positive nitrite test is a good indicator that there is a bacterial infection in the urinary tract.
Nitrite test
Bacteria reduces nitrate to nitrite. Nitrite test results are high in specificity but low in sensitivity. A positive nitrite test is a good indicator that there is a bacterial infection in the urinary tract.
Day 23
APGAR scoring was developed by "Virginia Apgar" and her surname was an acronym for:
A - Activity
P - Pulse
G - Grimace
A - Appearance
R - Respiration
Score interpretation:
7-10 = Excellent condition
4-6 = Moderately depressed
0-3 = Severely depressed
(Source: Lecturio)
APGAR scoring was developed by "Virginia Apgar" and her surname was an acronym for:
A - Activity
P - Pulse
G - Grimace
A - Appearance
R - Respiration
Score interpretation:
7-10 = Excellent condition
4-6 = Moderately depressed
0-3 = Severely depressed
(Source: Lecturio)
Day 24
Ballard Score
This can be used to assign gestational age if no reliable obstetrical information was given. The two components includes the neonate's physical and neuromuscular maturity which can be used up to 4 days after birth. It is only accurate within +/- 2 weeks.
Ballard Score
This can be used to assign gestational age if no reliable obstetrical information was given. The two components includes the neonate's physical and neuromuscular maturity which can be used up to 4 days after birth. It is only accurate within +/- 2 weeks.
Day 25
Artificial sweetener such as sucralose & sorbitol are non-absorbable carbohydrate which cannot be digested by the body. Once they reach the intestine it acts as osmotic laxative, draws water from the body and out of the intestine which can cause gas & diarrhea.
Artificial sweetener such as sucralose & sorbitol are non-absorbable carbohydrate which cannot be digested by the body. Once they reach the intestine it acts as osmotic laxative, draws water from the body and out of the intestine which can cause gas & diarrhea.
Day 26
Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)
This is common in premature infants after onset of breathing associated with surfactant deficiency. Surfactant reduces the surface tension of the lungs at low volumes to prevent atelectasis. Deficiency results to cyanosis & tachypnea.
Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)
This is common in premature infants after onset of breathing associated with surfactant deficiency. Surfactant reduces the surface tension of the lungs at low volumes to prevent atelectasis. Deficiency results to cyanosis & tachypnea.
Day 27
Toxicology
Most common toxin and their antidotes
Acetaminophen = N-Acetylcysteine
Cyanide = Hydroxycobalamin
Organophosphate = Atropine
Lead = Dimercaprol
Iron = Deferoxamine
Diazepam = Flumazenil
Opioid = Naloxone
Anticholinergic = Neostigmine
Toxic Alcohol = Fomepizole
Toxicology
Most common toxin and their antidotes
Acetaminophen = N-Acetylcysteine
Cyanide = Hydroxycobalamin
Organophosphate = Atropine
Lead = Dimercaprol
Iron = Deferoxamine
Diazepam = Flumazenil
Opioid = Naloxone
Anticholinergic = Neostigmine
Toxic Alcohol = Fomepizole
Day 28
Meningitis
Types are clinically differentiated through the temporal profile of the disease. Patients with Bacterial/Viral etiology deteriorates quickly, while TB meningitis have a more progressive course. Tuberculosis usually spread to CNS via hematogenous route ...
Meningitis
Types are clinically differentiated through the temporal profile of the disease. Patients with Bacterial/Viral etiology deteriorates quickly, while TB meningitis have a more progressive course. Tuberculosis usually spread to CNS via hematogenous route ...
...
Hydrocephalus may occur and cause transependymal leakage wherein CSF fluid migrates into the brain parenchyma due to increase in ICP. Basal exudates of tuberculosis produces a vasculitis-like syndrome making the vessel narrowed or occluded by thrombus leading to infarction.
Hydrocephalus may occur and cause transependymal leakage wherein CSF fluid migrates into the brain parenchyma due to increase in ICP. Basal exudates of tuberculosis produces a vasculitis-like syndrome making the vessel narrowed or occluded by thrombus leading to infarction.
Day 29
Salter Harris Fractures (5)
Type 1
S-lipped fracture occurs only through the growth plate
Type 2
A-bove the physis and through it (metaphysis)
Type 3
L-ower the physis (epiphysis)
Type 4
T-hrough both metaphysis and epiphysis
Type 5
R-ammed: whole end is destroyed.
Salter Harris Fractures (5)
Type 1
S-lipped fracture occurs only through the growth plate
Type 2
A-bove the physis and through it (metaphysis)
Type 3
L-ower the physis (epiphysis)
Type 4
T-hrough both metaphysis and epiphysis
Type 5
R-ammed: whole end is destroyed.
Day 30
Asthma
"Effects of ICS on growth velocity are seen in pre-pubertal children in the first 1-2 years of treatment, this is not progressive or cumulative, and the one study that examined long-term outcomes showed only a difference of only 0.7% in adult height."
(GINA 2020)
Asthma
"Effects of ICS on growth velocity are seen in pre-pubertal children in the first 1-2 years of treatment, this is not progressive or cumulative, and the one study that examined long-term outcomes showed only a difference of only 0.7% in adult height."
(GINA 2020)
