So, I was really curious to find out where exactly in the Talmud it even says this.

As expected, I couldn't find anything aside from antisemitic websites--so it likely came from the Talmud Unmasked, a famous antisemitic book that fabricates and mistranslates the Talmud. https://twitter.com/SmokeyWo/status/1273806183363678209
Funny story about the Talmud Unmasked: the author, Justinas Pranaitis, was called to testify as a "Talmudic expert" against a Jew who'd been accused of blood libel. It's reported that when cross-examined about basic Talmudic concepts, he was so clueless that the Jews laughed.
So, that gives you a bit of context as to where most of these "quotes" you see in antisemitic propaganda about the Talmud come from--they come from an antisemite who genuinely didn't know anything about Judaism or the Talmud.
Also, if this was a *genuine* translation of a real quote, it would say "gentiles", not "goyim."
"Gentiles" and "goyim" mean the same thing, but "gentiles" is the word that's used in these kinds of translations.
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