There are nuances on how police brutality and state violence operate in different societies and on how they function to maintain bourgeois order—and here, the Philippine National Police traces its roots to the Philippine Constabulary, a direct creation of American colonial rule.

During the American colonial period, the Philippine Constabulary worked to squash and repress militant, anti-imperialist labor unions and movements and this continued at the height of the Cold War, long after the Philippines declared "independence" from the United States.

The Philippine Constabulary was trained by American police to maintain America's imperialist control over its semicolonies like the Philippines at the height of the Cold War through McCarthyite witchhunts of leftist activists, nationalists, and suspected communists.

During martial law under the United States-backed Marcos dictatorship, the Philippine Constabulary served as one of the implementors of state fascism—cracking down on dissent through various human rights abuses such as arrests, torture, and enforced disappearances of activists.

They can change the name of the Philippine Constabulary and "reform" it as the Philippine National Police but it is still the same repressive, anti-people institution trained by imperialists and tasked to maintain imperialist and bourgeois law and order through state fascism.

After all, America trained police and military forces abroad to suppress dissent and maintain its imperialist control—which is why police brutality seems to be a universal language of state fascism despite the nuances on how they operate.