Thread by @FFRAFAction, THREAD Varieties of FascismSee definitions of fascism in our pinned TweetCommon [...]

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Varieties of Fascism

See definitions of fascism in our pinned Tweet

Common theme is classic interwar regime fascism was *syncretic* - it borrowed from both left & right.

Postwar fascism has since evolved ideologically largely in groupuscles - small dedicated cadres

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Varieties of FascismSee definitions of fascism in our pinned TweetCommon theme is classic interwar regime fascism was *syncretic* - it borrowed from both left & right.Postwar fascism has since evolved ideologically largely in groupuscles - small dedicated cadres" title="THREAD https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🧵" title="Thread" aria-label="Emoji: Thread"> Varieties of FascismSee definitions of fascism in our pinned TweetCommon theme is classic interwar regime fascism was *syncretic* - it borrowed from both left & right.Postwar fascism has since evolved ideologically largely in groupuscles - small dedicated cadres" class="img-responsive" style="max-width:100%;"/>

But with broad range of ideological development.

Firstly, mimetic groups like MSI in Italy & NPD in Germany or American Nazi Party or UK National Socialist Movement showed continuity with interwar period & copied in style & policy earlier regime incarnations of Fascism & Nazism

Another strand focused on Europe as mythological & spiritual homeland situated symbolically between USA & USSR

Contested versions were proposed by UK fascist leader Oswald Mosley (Europe-a-Nation) & US fascist Francis Parker Yockey (Imperium) who was anti-US & pro-Soviet

Third Positionism was classic syncretic fascism claiming to oppose Capitalism & Communism. It developed in Italy (Terza Posizione) 1970s & France (Troisième voie) but was very influential on UK National Front in 1980s & imported into USA via Tom Metzger’s White Aryan Resistance

Strasserism - named after Gregor & Otto Strasser - brothers who advocated antisemitic & nominally ‘anti-capitalist’ policies in Nazi party. Gregor was killed by SA in 1934 but Otto pushed ‘Black Front’ policies & these were taken up postwar by UK NF in 80s & later in US by TWP

National Bolshevism was another syncretic philosophy developed originally in 1920s which proposed alliances between German nationalists & USSR bolsheviks. Postwar it was revived by Socialist Reich Party in Germany & much later by Russian nationalists inc Limonov & Alexander Dugin

National Anarchism was a peculiar hybrid Third Positionist fascism developed by UK former NF member Troy Southgate & US ‘anti-system’ activists like Keith Preston. It advocated classic fascist destruction of state/society & rebirth with ethnically homogeneous tribal communities

Esoteric Hitlerism was a belief system developed by postwar fascists like James Larratt Battersby, Savitri Devi & Miguel Serrano which regarded Hitler as *divine* - an incarnation of Christ or the Hindu God Vishnu. It was initially obscure but has since become major influence

Italian Julius Evola produced complex body of work combining fascism & traditionalism with occult & spiritual themes focused on destructive rebirth & promise of a new golden age

UK fascist David Myatt combined Nazism with Satanist & Occult traditions in Order of Nine Angles O9A

Universal Nazism is a transnational creed of violent revolutionary neo-Nazism which venerates Hitler & sees Nazism in spiritual terms as a political religion. Its adherents include UK Nazi Colin Jordan, William Pierce, author of Turner Diaries & David Lane creator of the 14 words

Other fascist political religions have included Christian Identity Movement a white supremacist ideology which evolved in USA out of British Israelism & saw white ‘Aryans’ as God’s chosen race & Jews as ‘devils’. Its leaders included Wesley Swift & Richard Butler of Aryan Nations

Creativity Movement was a white supremacist political religion started in 1970s by Benjamin Klassen with org Church of the Creator which espouses ‘Racial Holy War’ (RaHoWa). It was very influential in US white supremacist movement until Klassen’s death in 1993 but has since waned

Fascist paganism involves worship of traditional Norse Gods combined with racism, antisemitism & white supremacy in organisations like Odinic Rite (UK), Asatrú Folk Assembly (US) as well as in subcultures like National Socialist Black Metal, fascist neofolk & white power music

Eco fascism is a synthesis of traditional völkisch ideas like ‘blood & soil’ - which proposes mystical sacred link between place & race - with white nationalism, anti-immigrant & anti-multiculturalism & Malthusian, eugenicist & social Darwinist views on population control.

European New Right was founded in France in 1968 as intellectual think tank & network. It repackaged ideas from fascism & radical right using culture not biological view of race & its metapolitics stressed changing values before politics. Its ideas spread across Europe & into US

Identitarianism was heavily influenced by ENR, Nazism & reactionary prewar Conservative Revolutionaries. Founded in France in early 2000s its youth-oriented movement focuses on European ‘white’ identity & is anti-equality, anti-multiculturalism, anti-Islam & anti-globalisation

Alt-right was a synthesis of white nationalism, misogynistic manosphere, ENR/Identitarianism & online antagonistic communities (trolls, sh!tposters & meme makers). Although prominent in Trump’s election it is now in tatters after anti-fascist resistance & widespread deplatforming

Siege culture is influenced by work of James Mason & combines Nazism, Satanism & worship of Charles Manson w alt-right style online activism. ‘Accelerationism’ is apocalyptic vision/tactic of destroying society & rebuilding new racist order - e.g. Atomwaffen Division & The Base

Finally populist radical right parties with authoritarian & anti-immigrant & racist policies. Some like FN or Sweden Democrats have roots in fascist groups but have dispensed with overt violence & racism. But overlap w white supremacists & fascists still exist in eg AfD & GOP etc