Cuba is ironically a really good case study for this.

High levels of education, strong legal rights for women, free access to birth control (including abortion).

Extremely low birth rates from 1990s thanks in large part to people not being able to afford kids

I’m not saying that with a booming economy Cubans would go back to the stories of rural families with like 18 kids. But that women in particular have more reproductive control and therefore economic issues factor into their conscious decision to carry a pregnancy to term

Many Cuban women in their child bearing years have actively told me this was the deciding factor for them. How can they have kids when they can barely afford to provide for themselves? Many, obviously, still do have kids, but economic factors explicitly dampen how many