There is wide disagreement on who is and what constitutes a "lumpen proletariat".

This has a lot to do with the historical development of the concept and the historical context of its use. /1 https://twitter.com/switcholliegirl/status/1263834933509812224

Marx used the term to designate that portion of the population that, for one reason or another, was not properly proletariat-ized. /2

Industrialization and the development toward capitalism demanded the destruction of feudalism, thus peasants were forced into factories.

Those that were "cast out" or "escaped" this new mode of production, Marx called the lumpen proletariat". /3

The term illustrates how Marx disregarded the class as essentially non-revolutionary as they did not have direct access to production like the proletariat did, a relationship that Marx saw as a necessary condition to be revolutionary. /4

Similarly, when Fanon used the term to mean those portions of the colonized masses who were not "let in" to the new capitalist-colonial order. /5

Unlike Marx, Fanon concluded that the psychological disposition of the material development of being pushed out of the new colonial order put the lumpen's interests in direct opposition to that order, making them a revolutionary class. /6

Fanon prioritized the willingness to engage in revolutionary violence as a property of the revolutionary class. /4

Huey P Newton believed the Lumpen to be revolutionary, but for very different reasons due to very different historical material context.

Huey analyzed that capitalism doesn't only leave people out in its early development, but pushes them out in its later stages. /5

When capitalism inevitably hits a crisis begins to decay the population of lumpen is to mushroom cloud, generating what Huey thought to be revolutionary conditions. /6

What is similar in these views is that the lumpen are the portions of the population that for one reason or another are separated from the capitalist mode of production and are criminalized for it. Those that are considered the degenerates of capitalist society. /7

Obviously this is a doctoral sized topic and a single thread isnt going to do it justice, but hopefully this helped.