Thread by @Sharngan_94, Ukraine is a training ground for Russian cyber ops

Ukraine is a training ground for Russian cyber ops - Ukrainian Rep right now in the UNSC virtual meeting on cyberspace

2/n Cyberspace not Wild West, need committment / adherence to existing rules, not new ones - Australia

3/n If one member state is not safe, no member state is safe. Need stronger framework of international law. Insist no sphere can be left out of international law, including human rights and humanitarian law - Ecuador

4/n We see an unacceptable degree of non compliance. We see attacks against medical infrastructure, which is off limits. Need to build alliances with public and private actors to expose malicious actors - Netherlands

5/n We are experiencing increasing disinformation activities in cyberspace, even during the pandemic. International legal norms are just as applicable online as they are offline - Poland

6/n Absolutely crucial to keep cyberspace open, global, accessible and peaceful. Strongly condemn misuse of cyberspace for strategic advantages. Stability in cyberspace should be based on existing international law including human rights and humanitarian law - Slovakia

7/n Strongly call 4 an inclusive nd equitable process in the UN. Malicious use of ICTs by terrorists and criminal orgs throw up attribution challenges. Need clear binding rules @ da intl level. Implementation of GGE norms remains minimal at best, OEWG excnt opportunity - Egypt

8/n Only as strong as our weakest link. Cyber capacity building should be more mainstream. Need cyber resilience and ability to prevent ICT related conflicts. Also need South-South cooperation - Morocco

#CyberUNSC

9/n ICC Rome Statute applicability? We are exploring ICC's roles in warfare, created a council of legal and tech experts to discuss extent of Rome Statute's applicability to cyberwar, report expected in December - Liechtenstein

#CyberUNSC

10/n (1) Intl Law applies to State action in cyberspace (2) CBMs imp to deal with cyber threats (3) States need to be equipped with capacity to deal with threats and implement intl law - Switzerland

#CyberUNSC

11/n Cyberspace must be preserved for peaceful purposes, catalyse sustainable devt. UN needs to adapt to be relevant, need to break silos - Mexico

#CyberUNSC

12/n Concerned over new technologies, esp wrt dual nature of cyberspace. Interconnected nature of cyberspace needs combined action frm gvt, pvt sector and civil society. OAS needs cybersecurity div. Guatemala became Observer at Budapest Convention - Guatemala

#CyberUNSC

12/n Region has witnessed cyber attacks against oil and gas infra - have potential to spark conflict in tense envt. Member states need to comply with IL, with 2013 and 2015 GGE reports. Region needs open channels and exchange of PoCs #CBMs - United Arab Emirates

#CyberUNSC

13/n Committed to safe, open, accessible cyberspace. Also (1) Med infra is CII (2) Uphold rules based intl order in cyberspace (not new convn, comply wid existing norms & IL) (3) Capacity blding must relate to devt agenda (4) secure ICT supply chain - Czech Republic

#CyberUNSC

14/n Turkey largest online population in Europe, Cybersecurity imp. Support applicability of IL (incl UN Charter) Need to review with new tech - 5G, IoT, machine learning, etc. Need definition for "threats", "self-defence" - Turkey

#CyberUNSC

15/n Need genuine efforts to address implementation of international law. Support OEWG and GGE efforts. International support reqd for devel. countries (tech support) Also Pub-pvt partnership needs strengthening. Imp experience in ASEAN as reg org - Bangladesh

#CyberUNSC

16/n Pandemic intensified reliance on internet. Capacity building a must for both developing and developed countries. Also need early warning and risk mitigation systems - Kazakhstan

#CyberUNSC

17/n Malicious actors attacking med facilities. UN remains pre-eminent forum for cyber issues. IHL, UN Charter, HR law all apply. Also need tech neutral approach. Guidance needed on how GGE norms can be implemented - Ireland

#CyberUNSC

18/n Need ground rules. IL +HR law applies, adherence is key. But cant justify restrictions on acc of state sovereignty. Due diligence oblig. imp.(ortant). Protecting CII needs to be norm. Support GFCE for capacity building - Austria

#CyberUNSC

19/n Right approach is based not on technology but on our responsible behaviour. As member of both OEWG and GGE, we r fully committed to promoting responsibility and accountability. Support open, global free cyberspace with HR - Romania

#CyberUNSC

20/n Need consistency in appln of UN Charter. Russia unleashed cyber ops against Estonia, Lithuania. In 2008, saw cyber ops again in war. Become pattern. Last yr, websites targeted. Invstgn concluded Russia did it, call on community to increase scrutiny - Georgia #CyberUNSC

21/n Recognize the efforts of the UN counter terrorism office in enhancing capacity to fight cyber crimes. Need intergovtal engagement in transparent and inclusive forum (OEWG). Need to harness AI, etc. to promote cyberspace peace - Eritrea

#CyberUNSC

22/n Both States and non-states use cyberspace for malicious acts. We have estab. a layered approach, at EU and national levels. Isolationism and sovereignty approach will not help - Bulgaria

#CyberUNSC

23/n Facing threats in our region, "cyber piracy crime" on Qatar news agency in 2017. Was State sponsored. Happ days before illegal blockade on Qatar. Need to consider binding intl instrument and advanced tech should be for peaceful purposes - Qatar

#CyberUNSC

24/n Concerned wid attacks on med facilities during crisis - med infra should be CII. As leading ICT country, we r also among most attacked. Need to develop and implement norms of IL. Need to help developing countries build capacity - South Korea

#CyberUNSC

25/n Need to preserve precious global consensus reached in GGE, cant waste it. Have confidence in OSCE CBMs. Also support Rome Statute applicability in cyber war. Will facilitate a coherent approach to UN Charter appln. Also need to address gender divide - Spain

#CyberUNSC

26/n Cyber stability is imp enabler in covid crisis, can save lives. Need to implement norms of State resp. online (UN GA Res. 70/237) Need to undstnd how IL applies online - New Zealand

#CyberUNSC

27/n Covid crisis embodies everything we need to focus on in cyberspace- capacity blding, CBMs nd norms formulation. Strongly supp. rules based order nd multilateral orgs. Hungary actively involv in EU cyber diplomacy toolkit. Due diligence shld be foll. - Hungary

#CyberUNSC

28/n Proactive approach is necessary to protect cyberspace. Govt focuses on enhancing tactical knowledge and cooperation with private sector. Govt agencies r working to ensure capability to meet challenges. Working on cybersecurity strategy ('20-'23) - Uzbekistan

#CyberUNSC

29/n Cyberspace is integral, covid made clear. ICT has been weaponized, undermines peace and security. No country can handle threats alone, imp to raise awareness. Misuse of media, social platforms, upsets existing social norms. - Ethiopia

#CyberUNSC

30/n Call on all member states to continue to use ICT responsibly so all humanity can enjoy benefits. Call on all actors to protect CII esp health CII. IL, esp UN Charter apply. Strongly support OEWG and GGE (reports represent advancements in ICT) - Chile

#CyberUNSC

31/n What can states do to keep open, free global cyberspace? Cyber peace depends on 4 key pillars - (1) IL fully applies (2) Voluntary norms (2015 GGE) r essential (3)Practical CBMs also essential (4)Capacity blding r vital. Need to consider gender issues too-Canada

#CyberUNSC

32/n Consensus reports (GGE) clearly state IL (incl UN Charter) apply 2 cyber. Also advance CBMs and capacity blding. These 3 form a triad, further examined in OEWG and GGE ('19-'21). Ongoing state of "unpeace" in cyberspace, impaired by lack of rules on attribution- Brazil

33/n Cyber threats cannot be addressed separately from old threats. Adherence to IL, norms needed. Regional fora play crucial role. Founding member of OSCE, support its work. Need to link cyber to SDGs as well-Italy

#CyberUNSC

34/n Malicious use of ICT can cause suffering in armed conflict. 3 things imp - (1) Cyber ops can severely harm delivery of essential services (Eg cyber attacks in Covid)(2) IHL applies (3) New tech shldnt escalate conflict-ICRC#CyberUNSC

35/n Intl police cooperation essential for cyber. INTERPOL Global Cyber Crime Program focuses on cyber threats, based in Singapore. Also conduct threat assessments, have data sharing agreements with private partners, crucial. Help with capacity as well - #Interpol #CyberUNSC

And that's it folks. Missed a few States in the beginning, hope to cover those as soon as they upload statements. While you're on this thread, check out some super interesting States' comments to the OEWG initial pre-draft at https://www.un.org/disarmament/open-ended-working-group/.

You can check the text of the initial pre-draft at https://unoda-web.s3.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/200311-Pre-Draft-OEWG-ICT.pdf.

Russia's rep didnt turn up to this session (would've been very interesting to see if they had any retorts to Ukraine and Georgia), but you can check out their comments to the pre-draft at https://front.un-arm.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/russian-commentary-on-oweg-zero-draft-report-eng.pdf. They're nothing short of acidic

Worth a read, trust me.

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