I don’t understand how it is acceptable that newspapers publish charts without publishing the data.

Either their data is bad. Then they shouldn’t publish the charts.

Or it is indeed true that the data is good. Then it is wrong to not publish that data.

It's a failure of journalists, but also a failure of every reader who does not see the importance of making the data available – not just charts.

If it is a scoop and the journalist wants exclusivity for their work I find it understandable.
But then publish the data a day later!

Everyone who ever worked with data knows how easy it is to put together some data and chart – and how very hard it is to make sure that it is actually correct.

I have zero trust in any journalists who publishes charts without publishing the dataset.

If these journalists had trust in their own data, they'd make it public.

If journalists don't make their data public it is safe to assume that they don't trust their own work.