How common are these problems within #animalcognition research? Premack & Premack 1994 tests causal reasoning in chimps, with negative results. However, study is later cited as evidence for causal reasoning in chimps, e.g. by Call 2004 and 2006.

In de Waal's book "Are we smart enough to know how smart animals are" the study of four chimps is now reported through only mentioning one of the individuals. And de Wall alos goes against original study.

The error travels to dog research (Erdőhegyi, Á., Topál, J., Virányi, Z., & Miklósi, Á. (2007). Dog-logic: inferential reasoning in a two-way choice task and its restricted use. Animal Behaviour, 74(4), 725-737.)

And then, false conclusions about animals are drawn in research on the evolution of human cognition (from Mody, S., & Carey, S. (2016). The emergence of reasoning by the disjunctive syllogism in early childhood. Cognition, 154, 40-48.)