"Imbalanced host response to
#SARSCoV2 drives development of
#COVID19"
https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🟨" title="Yellow square" aria-label="Emoji: Yellow square">Highlighting
https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🟨" title="Yellow square" aria-label="Emoji: Yellow square">
https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🟨" title="Yellow square" aria-label="Emoji: Yellow square">"We propose that reduced innate
#antiviral defenses coupled with exuberant inflammatory
#cytokine production are the defining and driving feature of COVID-19"
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https://www.cell.com/pb-assets/products/coronavirus/CELL_CELL-D-20-00985.pdf">https://www.cell.com/pb-assets...
https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🟨" title="Yellow square" aria-label="Emoji: Yellow square">"The physiological response to
https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🦠" title="Microbe" aria-label="Emoji: Microbe"> infection is generally initiated at the cellular level following replication. After virus entry, the infected cell detects the presence of virus replication through use of any one of a number of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)"
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#SARSCoV2
https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🟨" title="Yellow square" aria-label="Emoji: Yellow square">"Engagement of virus-specific RNA structures
culminates in the oligomerization of these receptors and the activation of downstream transcription factors, most notably the interferon regulator factors (IRFs) and Nuclear Factor (NF)."
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#SARSCoV2
https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🟨" title="Yellow square" aria-label="Emoji: Yellow square">"The first is the engagement of cellular
#antiviral defenses, which is mediated by the transcriptional induction of Type I and III interferons (IFN-I and IFN-III) and the subsequent upregulation of interferon stimulated genes (ISGs)"
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#SARSCoV2
https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🟨" title="Yellow square" aria-label="Emoji: Yellow square">"The second arm of the
#antiviral response involves the recruitment and coordination of specific subsets of leukocytes, which is orchestrated primarily by
#chemokine secretion"
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#SARSCoV2
https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🟨" title="Yellow square" aria-label="Emoji: Yellow square">"Despite virus replication, the host response to
#SARSCoV2 fails to launch a robust IFN-I/-III response, while simultaneously inducing high levels of chemokines needed to recruit effector cells."
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https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🟨" title="Yellow square" aria-label="Emoji: Yellow square">"The discrepancy between the levels of viral replicationand IFN production/signaling suggests that although
#SARSCoV2 is capable of engaging the IFN-I and IFN-III systems, this response is prevented by an antagonist that is rendered ineffective under high MOI conditions."
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https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🟨" title="Yellow square" aria-label="Emoji: Yellow square">"At three days post infection, virus replication peaks at 1.2% of the total sequencing reads before decreasing to 0.05% of total reads on day 7 and completely clearing the virus by day 14 (Figure 3A)."
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#Ferrets #SARSCoV2 #infection
https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🟨" title="Yellow square" aria-label="Emoji: Yellow square">"As a comparison, a sublethal infection of IAV comprises less than 0.03% of total reads on day 7 from the same sample type (Figure S3A)."
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(IAV) = influenza A virus /vs/
#SARS_COV_2
https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🟨" title="Yellow square" aria-label="Emoji: Yellow square">"
#SARSCoV2 generates a unique gene signature enriched for cell death and leukocyte activation including transcripts such asIL1A and CXCL8 (GO: 0008219 and GO: 0045431, Table S3)."
https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🟨" title="Yellow square" aria-label="Emoji: Yellow square">
https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🟨" title="Yellow square" aria-label="Emoji: Yellow square">"By day fourteen, we detect no viral reads for
#SARSCoV2 and the observed cytokines return to baseline with the exception of IL-6 and IL1RN/IL1RA, which remain elevated similar to results observed with MERS."
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https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🟨" title="Yellow square" aria-label="Emoji: Yellow square">"Intriguingly, unique gene signatures from
#SARSCoV2 -infected trachea that were largely absent in response to IAV align with those of progenitor cells from the hematopoietic lineage, suggesting that infection may be inducing
#hematopoiesis (Figure 3D and Figure S3C)."
https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🟨" title="Yellow square" aria-label="Emoji: Yellow square">
https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🟨" title="Yellow square" aria-label="Emoji: Yellow square">"Significant elevation of CXCL9 and CXCL16, chemoattractants of T or NK cells, CCL8 and CCL2,
which recruit monocytes/macrophages, and CXCL8, a classic neutrophil chemoattractant, suggest that the presence of these cells may be a primary driver of the
signature
#pathology...
...observed in
#COVID19 patients."
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https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🟨" title="Yellow square" aria-label="Emoji: Yellow square">"This is consistent with data showing elevated circulating neutrophil levels among COVID-19 patients (Chen et al., 2020; Qin et al., 2020), which may have prognostic value in identifying individuals at risk for developing severe disease."
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https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🟨" title="Yellow square" aria-label="Emoji: Yellow square">"Given the moderate viral replication levels observed in vivo, one explanation for the low IFN expression could be that a small subset of cells are refractory to the antagonistic mechanism of
#SARSCoV2 (similar to infected Calu-3 cells) ...
...producing sufficient amounts of IFN-I and/or IFN-III to
guide immune cell activation and ISG induction."
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https://www.cell.com/pb-assets/products/coronavirus/CELL_CELL-D-20-00985.pdfhttps://www.cell.com/pb-assets... href="https://twtext.com//hashtag/SARSCoV2"> #SARSCoV2 #biochemistry #immune #response #COVID19
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