Assalamualaikum and hi everyone! I am a student from UITM Puncak Alam and i’ve assigned for my assignment to make a thread about MIGRAINE. I would appreciate if you guys can retweet and like this thread as it contributes to my marks!

Migraine frequently characterized by intense, debilitating headaches. Symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, numbness or tingling and sensitivity to light and sound.

Migraine can begin in childhood or may not occur until early of adulthood. Migraine often run in families and affect all ages. Women are more likely than men to have migraine.

Bagaimana migraine berlaku ?
Migraine berlaku apabila saluran darah di kepala mengembang lebih besar daripada biasa. Urat sensori yang mengesan rasa sakit pada dinding saluran darah menjadi terangsang dan menghantar isyarat sakit ke otak.

Factors that may trigger a migraine:
1. MAKANAN - seperti caffeine, chocolate , alkohol, makanan yang mempunyai tyramine( keju, yogurt, kacang, daging salai, smoke salmon, makanan berjeruk )

2. Environment : merokok atau bilik yang berasap rokok, cahaya terang atau cahaya berkelip2 eg screen tv, bunyi bising dan bau yang kuat contohnya minyak wangi atau perubahan cuaca.

2. Ubat- ubatan : rawatan hormon , sesetengah ubat tidur dan ubat perancang keluarga.

3. Psikologi : kemurungan, cemas, marah, keletihan, stress dan sebagainya. Sesetengah serangan migraine tidak berlaku semasa patient stress, tapi berlaku semasa dalam keadaan relaks.

4. Lain-lain : haid, pertukaran masa tidur ,putus haid

Phases of migraine:
Fasa 1 (prodrome) : fasa permulaan atau awal migraine attack. It can begin hours or days before a migraine reaches its peak intensity. About 30%-40% of migraine sufferers will experience this.

Cont.
Symptoms during prodorme - muscle stiffness or soreness especially in the neck, fatigue, food craving, constipation or diarrhea, excessive yawning

Fasa 2 (Aura) : aura of migraine includes a wide range of neurological symptoms. It can last from 5 to 60 minutes.
Symptoms : visual disturbance( blurry vission, partial loss of vission, wavy lines and etc), numbness and tingling on part of the body.

Fasa 3 (headache/ main attack stage) : Involves head pain which can be severe, even unbearable. Often described as throbbing, pounding or pulsating. Tempoh sakit untuk fasa ini ialah antara 4jam - 72jam.

Symptoms : headache usually one one side of the head but can be on both side or all over the head, sensitivity to light/sound/ smell, nausea and vomiting, nasal congestion, anxiety, dizziness and insomnia.
* symptoms can be worsened by physical activity*

Fasa 4 (postdrome/ recovery) : final stage of an attack and it can take 24- 48 hours before migraine attack is over.
Symptoms : fatigue, mood changes(depressed / euphoric), innability to concentrate, muscle aches.
*many describe as feeling ‘like a zombie’*

Types of migraine:
1. Migraine with aura- iaitu migraine yang mempunyai simptom aura(Fasa 2).

2. Migraine without aura -there is no warning sign(symptom of aura) that come before the headache.

Cont.

3. Migraine without head pain - migraine yang ada simptom aura tapi tiada simptom sakit kepala.

Treatment :
1) pain-relieving medications (acute or abortive treatment) : these type of drug are taken during migraine attack and designed to stop symptoms.
Pain reliever (aspirin, ibuprofen ,paracetamol)
ergot alkoids ( cafergot)treat severe migraine headache

TRIPTANS (e.g.sumatriptan) are prescriptions drugs for migraine and can relieve many symptoms of migraine.
Anti-nausea drugs ( prochlorperazine) help if migraine is accompanied by nausea or vomitting .

2) Preventive medication : membantu untuk kurangkan tahap kesihatan serta kekerapan migraine.
Pizotifen , propranolol, flunarizine, topiramate(topamax), amitriptyline

Untuk rawatan menggunakan ubat please refer to your doctor !!

Selain mengambil rawatan ubatan, pesakit juga boleh lakukan relaxation training, elakkan faktor pencetus seperti kurang tidur, stress, cahaya yg terang & lain2.

Thank you for reading my thread!