1/4
So far all existing data show smokers are underrepresented in Covid19 hospitalization data
2 studies from the US
1. https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.08.20057794v1
2. https://twitter.com/phil_w888/status/1245115268910559232
So far all existing data show smokers are underrepresented in Covid19 hospitalization data
2 studies from the US
1. https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.08.20057794v1
2. https://twitter.com/phil_w888/status/1245115268910559232
3/4
Germany
https://www.aerzteblatt.de/archiv/213454
France
https://fr.calameo.com/read/0062175782dac24c23c92
Germany
https://www.aerzteblatt.de/archiv/213454
France
https://fr.calameo.com/read/0062175782dac24c23c92
4/4
The default "Smoking makes everything worse" is premature & irresponsible.
Afaik there are no data regarding cannabis consumption & Covid-19.
As for vaping
https://reason.org/commentary/fda-finally-concedes-theres-no-evidence-linking-vaping-to-covid-19-infections/
The default "Smoking makes everything worse" is premature & irresponsible.
Afaik there are no data regarding cannabis consumption & Covid-19.
As for vaping

5/4
The data consistently show that former smokers are more at risk of serious outcomes than current smokers.
The data consistently show that former smokers are more at risk of serious outcomes than current smokers.
7/4 More from France
"Our cross sectional study in both COVID-19 out- and inpatients strongly suggests that current smokers have a very much lower probability of developing symptomatic or severe SARS-CoV-2 infection as compared to the general population" https://www.qeios.com/read/article/569
"Our cross sectional study in both COVID-19 out- and inpatients strongly suggests that current smokers have a very much lower probability of developing symptomatic or severe SARS-CoV-2 infection as compared to the general population" https://www.qeios.com/read/article/569
8/
West Virginia USA: Current smoking rate was 25.2% in 2018.
Source (slide 6) https://dhhr.wv.gov/COVID-19/Pages/default.aspx
West Virginia USA: Current smoking rate was 25.2% in 2018.
Source (slide 6) https://dhhr.wv.gov/COVID-19/Pages/default.aspx
9/ US Veterans Age 54-75
"Current smoking (OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.35-0.57), alcohol use disorder (OR 232 0.58, 95% CI 0.41- 0.83), and COPD (OR 0.67, 95%CI 0.50-0.88) were associated with decreased likelihood of Covid-19+."
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.09.20059964v1.full.pdf
"Current smoking (OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.35-0.57), alcohol use disorder (OR 232 0.58, 95% CI 0.41- 0.83), and COPD (OR 0.67, 95%CI 0.50-0.88) were associated with decreased likelihood of Covid-19+."
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.09.20059964v1.full.pdf
10/
France
"The protection associated with smoking in our study was very substantial (75% decrease in risk of infection), and deserves full attention."
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.18.20071134v1.full.pdf
France
"The protection associated with smoking in our study was very substantial (75% decrease in risk of infection), and deserves full attention."
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.18.20071134v1.full.pdf
11/
Georgia USA (adult smoking rate was 16.1% in 2019)
"Among 305 patients hospitalized with COVID-19....Current smoking was reported for 5.2% of patients." https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6918e1.htm?s_cid=mm6918e1_w
Georgia USA (adult smoking rate was 16.1% in 2019)
"Among 305 patients hospitalized with COVID-19....Current smoking was reported for 5.2% of patients." https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6918e1.htm?s_cid=mm6918e1_w
12/
Oregon USA (adult smoking rate was 15.6% in 2019)
Out of 73 deaths, only one was a smoker.
https://govsite-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/U2Ui9gUiSxG1oSnXa3hf_COVID-19-Weekly-Report-2020-04-28-FINAL.pdf
Oregon USA (adult smoking rate was 15.6% in 2019)
Out of 73 deaths, only one was a smoker.
https://govsite-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/U2Ui9gUiSxG1oSnXa3hf_COVID-19-Weekly-Report-2020-04-28-FINAL.pdf
13/
1536 patients at 169 hospitals (121 in US, 48 in 10 other countries)
"5.5% were current smokers"
Smoking rates in all 11 countries are considerably higher.
https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2007621
1536 patients at 169 hospitals (121 in US, 48 in 10 other countries)
"5.5% were current smokers"
Smoking rates in all 11 countries are considerably higher.
https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2007621
14/
Korea (adult smoking rate was 21.1% in 2018)
Small study: Of 27 hospitalized, 5 (18.5%) were smokers.
https://jkms.org/DOIx.php?id=10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e142
Korea (adult smoking rate was 21.1% in 2018)
Small study: Of 27 hospitalized, 5 (18.5%) were smokers.
https://jkms.org/DOIx.php?id=10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e142
15/
UK (adult smoking rate was 14.7% in 2018)
Of 5,924 patients, 8.7% were smokers. https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.23.20076042v1
UK (adult smoking rate was 14.7% in 2018)
Of 5,924 patients, 8.7% were smokers. https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.23.20076042v1
16/
UK (adult smoking rate was 14.7% in 2018)
Large study: Of 5,564 deaths, 7% were smokers.
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.06.20092999v1.full.pdf
UK (adult smoking rate was 14.7% in 2018)
Large study: Of 5,564 deaths, 7% were smokers.
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.06.20092999v1.full.pdf
17/
Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)
Of 441 hospitalized patients, 4.8% were smokers.
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.05.20092015v1.full.pdf
Italy (adult smoking rate was 23.7% in 2016)
Of 441 hospitalized patients, 4.8% were smokers.
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.05.20092015v1.full.pdf
18/
Spain
170 patients diagnosed with Covid-19
"A negative association was observed between tobacco consumption (0.52 95%CI 0.27-0.98) and the use of electronic cigarettes (0.45 95%CI 0.28-0.71) and SARS-CoV-2 infection." https://www.jmir.org/preprint/19949?fbclid=IwAR3gavGTaIw_URTvVOYSaalGESkuMREAt9QGFmn7ebWLYhOf0L1CtTOznzU
Spain
170 patients diagnosed with Covid-19
"A negative association was observed between tobacco consumption (0.52 95%CI 0.27-0.98) and the use of electronic cigarettes (0.45 95%CI 0.28-0.71) and SARS-CoV-2 infection." https://www.jmir.org/preprint/19949?fbclid=IwAR3gavGTaIw_URTvVOYSaalGESkuMREAt9QGFmn7ebWLYhOf0L1CtTOznzU
19/
This isn't new evidence, but it's the peer-reviewed version of the systematic review & meta-analysis of 13 Chinese studies linked above.
https://link.springer.com/epdf/10.1007/s11739-020-02355-7?sharing_token=9aNfxYYmI9m0a0AEOqO4hve4RwlQNchNByi7wbcMAY6Um969fwMRMGkG7soSlel82g6JjjI30pnhpaXi7InCRG8S9pXibOijaUcVNRdyaIKy0Yh1AHq9ot2KL40oGM5pY2LpPIe2o_JKCQpUGq-GlP3BgJln3oSmdSwNJQotTV4%3D
This isn't new evidence, but it's the peer-reviewed version of the systematic review & meta-analysis of 13 Chinese studies linked above.
https://link.springer.com/epdf/10.1007/s11739-020-02355-7?sharing_token=9aNfxYYmI9m0a0AEOqO4hve4RwlQNchNByi7wbcMAY6Um969fwMRMGkG7soSlel82g6JjjI30pnhpaXi7InCRG8S9pXibOijaUcVNRdyaIKy0Yh1AHq9ot2KL40oGM5pY2LpPIe2o_JKCQpUGq-GlP3BgJln3oSmdSwNJQotTV4%3D
20/
New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)
Of 393 hospitalized patients, 5.1% were current smokers
(There might be some overlap between this study & the study in the first tweet of this thread) https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMc2010419
New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)
Of 393 hospitalized patients, 5.1% were current smokers
(There might be some overlap between this study & the study in the first tweet of this thread) https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMc2010419
21/
Switzerland (adult smoking rate was 27.1% in 2017)
Of 200 hospitalized patients, 4.5% were smokers.
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.11.20097741v1.full.pdf
Switzerland (adult smoking rate was 27.1% in 2017)
Of 200 hospitalized patients, 4.5% were smokers.
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.11.20097741v1.full.pdf
22/
Mexico (adult smoking rate was 17.6% in 2016)
Of 10,544 cases, 8.96% were smokers.
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.11.20098145v1.full.pdf
Mexico (adult smoking rate was 17.6% in 2016)
Of 10,544 cases, 8.96% were smokers.
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.11.20098145v1.full.pdf
23/
Kuwait (adult smoking rate was 22.5% in 2015)
Of 1,096 hospitalized cases, 4% were smokers.
Note: sample was 81% male. Male smoking rate in Kuwait was 43% in 2018.
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.09.20096495v1.full.pdf
Kuwait (adult smoking rate was 22.5% in 2015)
Of 1,096 hospitalized cases, 4% were smokers.
Note: sample was 81% male. Male smoking rate in Kuwait was 43% in 2018.
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.09.20096495v1.full.pdf
24/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)
Of 202 hospitalized patients, 7.9% had a history of smoking. https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0008280
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)
Of 202 hospitalized patients, 7.9% had a history of smoking. https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0008280
25/
3,799 patients in the UK
Smokers were half as likely as non-smokers to test positive for COVID-19
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(20)30371-6/fulltext
3,799 patients in the UK
Smokers were half as likely as non-smokers to test positive for COVID-19
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(20)30371-6/fulltext
26/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)
Of 121 hospitalized patients, 5% were smokers.
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.12.20099739v1.full.pdf
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)
Of 121 hospitalized patients, 5% were smokers.
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.12.20099739v1.full.pdf
27/
Hong Kong (adult smoking rate was 10% in 2017)
Small study: of 37 hospitalized patients, 2 were current smokers (5.9%) https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202005.0285/v1
Hong Kong (adult smoking rate was 10% in 2017)
Small study: of 37 hospitalized patients, 2 were current smokers (5.9%) https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202005.0285/v1
28/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)
Of 285 hospitalized patients, 11% had a history of smoking.
https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-27390/v1
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)
Of 285 hospitalized patients, 11% had a history of smoking.
https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-27390/v1
29/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)
Of 208 hospitalized patients, 5.8% were smokers
https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-23842/v1
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)
Of 208 hospitalized patients, 5.8% were smokers
https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-23842/v1
30/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)
Of 220 hospitalized patients, 12.8% had a history of smoking. This one includes smoking index data. Smoking index number is cigarettes per day x years smoked.
https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-26776/v1
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)
Of 220 hospitalized patients, 12.8% had a history of smoking. This one includes smoking index data. Smoking index number is cigarettes per day x years smoked.
https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-26776/v1
31/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)
Of 134 hospitalized patients, 10.4% were smokers.
https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-26416/v1
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)
Of 134 hospitalized patients, 10.4% were smokers.
https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-26416/v1
32/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)
Of 142 hospitalized patients, 9.1% were smokers
https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-23614/v1
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)
Of 142 hospitalized patients, 9.1% were smokers
https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-23614/v1
33/
Very small study from China
"Based on the expression of ACE2 in smoking individuals, it is inferred that long-term smoking might be a risk factor for 2019-nCoV, and in this study, We showed the evidence against that finding."
https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-24743/v1
Very small study from China
"Based on the expression of ACE2 in smoking individuals, it is inferred that long-term smoking might be a risk factor for 2019-nCoV, and in this study, We showed the evidence against that finding."
https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-24743/v1
34/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)
Reported: "There were more smokers (8.84% vs 1.36%, Pâ=â0.006)...in the severe group than in the mild group."
Not mentioned: 5.1% of the 292 hospitalized patients had a history of smoking.
https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-23272/v1
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)
Reported: "There were more smokers (8.84% vs 1.36%, Pâ=â0.006)...in the severe group than in the mild group."
Not mentioned: 5.1% of the 292 hospitalized patients had a history of smoking.
https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-23272/v1
35/
New Mexico USA (adult smoking rate was 17.5% in 2017)
An outlier. Of 50 hospitalized patients, 48% were smokers. It's not clear whether current smokers or people with a history of smoking were counted.
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.15.20094284v1.full.pdf
New Mexico USA (adult smoking rate was 17.5% in 2017)
An outlier. Of 50 hospitalized patients, 48% were smokers. It's not clear whether current smokers or people with a history of smoking were counted.
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.15.20094284v1.full.pdf
36/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)
Of 101 hospitalized medical staff, 4 were smokers.
https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-28753/v1
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)
Of 101 hospitalized medical staff, 4 were smokers.
https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-28753/v1
37/
Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)
Of 54 patients with inflammatory rheumatic disease who were hospitalized with Covid-19, 5.56% were smokers.
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.14.20101584v1.full.pdf
Spain (adult smoking rate was 24% in 2019)
Of 54 patients with inflammatory rheumatic disease who were hospitalized with Covid-19, 5.56% were smokers.
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.14.20101584v1.full.pdf
38/
France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)
Of 108 cancer patients who tested positive, 19% were active smokers.
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.14.20101576v1.full.pdf
France (adult daily smoking rate was 27% in 2017)
Of 108 cancer patients who tested positive, 19% were active smokers.
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.14.20101576v1.full.pdf
39/
London, UK (adult smoking rate was 13.9% in 2018)
Of 75 cancer patients who tested positive, 9.3% were current smokers.
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.12.20094219v1.full.pdf
London, UK (adult smoking rate was 13.9% in 2018)
Of 75 cancer patients who tested positive, 9.3% were current smokers.
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.12.20094219v1.full.pdf
40/
North Carolina, USA (adult smoking rate was 17.4% in 2019)
Of 86 hospitalized patients, 3.5% were current or former smokers.
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.14.20099234v1.full.pdf
North Carolina, USA (adult smoking rate was 17.4% in 2019)
Of 86 hospitalized patients, 3.5% were current or former smokers.
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.14.20099234v1.full.pdf
41/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)
Of 145 hospitalized patients, 10.3% had a history of smoking.
This is a peer-reviewed article that appears to use the same data as the preprint in tweet 32, but the numbers are slightly different. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s15010-020-01432-5?utm_source=sn
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)
Of 145 hospitalized patients, 10.3% had a history of smoking.
This is a peer-reviewed article that appears to use the same data as the preprint in tweet 32, but the numbers are slightly different. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s15010-020-01432-5?utm_source=sn
42/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)
Of 125 hospitalized patients, 12.8% had a history of smoking https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971220302034
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)
Of 125 hospitalized patients, 12.8% had a history of smoking https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971220302034
43/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)
Of 73 hospitalized patients, 10.9% had a history of smoking https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1043661820311294
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)
Of 73 hospitalized patients, 10.9% had a history of smoking https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1043661820311294
44/
Toronto, Canada (Ontario current smoking rate age 12 and over was 15.2% in 2017)
Of 226 hospitalized patients, 15.9% were current or former smokers https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1386653220300809
Toronto, Canada (Ontario current smoking rate age 12 and over was 15.2% in 2017)
Of 226 hospitalized patients, 15.9% were current or former smokers https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1386653220300809
45/
New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)
Of 257 critically ill patients, 13% were current or former smokers https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673620311892
New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)
Of 257 critically ill patients, 13% were current or former smokers https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673620311892
46/
UK
"...we observed an apparently protective effect, in the tested sub-population, of smoking on the risk of having a positive PCR for SARS-CoV-2 infection (OR [95% CI] 0.73 [0.65 to 0.81]; p=9.49x10-9)..."
No hospitalization data reported.
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.18.20105288v1.full.pdf
UK
"...we observed an apparently protective effect, in the tested sub-population, of smoking on the risk of having a positive PCR for SARS-CoV-2 infection (OR [95% CI] 0.73 [0.65 to 0.81]; p=9.49x10-9)..."
No hospitalization data reported.
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.18.20105288v1.full.pdf
47/
China (adult male smoking rate was 50.5% in 2018)
Of 125 male patients with mild symptoms, 65.6% were current smokers.
Notes:
Median age was 35
Patients with severe symptoms were excluded from study
https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-29526/v1
China (adult male smoking rate was 50.5% in 2018)
Of 125 male patients with mild symptoms, 65.6% were current smokers.
Notes:
Median age was 35
Patients with severe symptoms were excluded from study
https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-29526/v1
48/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)
Of 50 critically ill patients admitted to ICU, 18% were current smokers
https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-29681/v1
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)
Of 50 critically ill patients admitted to ICU, 18% were current smokers
https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-29681/v1
49/
New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)
Of 5,051 patients diagnosed with Covid-19, 3.6% were current smokers
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.19.20103036v1.full.pdf
New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)
Of 5,051 patients diagnosed with Covid-19, 3.6% were current smokers
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.19.20103036v1.full.pdf
50/
Earth (adult smoking rate was ~20% in 2015)
Of 96,032 hospitalized patients, 9.88% were current smokers.
Note: 65.9% of sample was from North America
Europe 17.3%
Asia 7.9%
Africa 4.6%
Australia 0.6% https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)31180-6/fulltext
Earth (adult smoking rate was ~20% in 2015)
Of 96,032 hospitalized patients, 9.88% were current smokers.
Note: 65.9% of sample was from North America
Europe 17.3%
Asia 7.9%
Africa 4.6%
Australia 0.6% https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)31180-6/fulltext
51/
Monterey County, California, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.7% in 2017)
Of 362 confirmed cases, 4% were current or former smokers
https://www.co.monterey.ca.us/government/departments-a-h/health/diseases/2019-novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov/2019-novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov-local-data
Monterey County, California, USA (adult smoking rate was 11.7% in 2017)
Of 362 confirmed cases, 4% were current or former smokers
https://www.co.monterey.ca.us/government/departments-a-h/health/diseases/2019-novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov/2019-novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov-local-data
52/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)
Of 307 hospitalized patients, 21.8% had a history of smoking
https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-30347/v1
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)
Of 307 hospitalized patients, 21.8% had a history of smoking
https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-30347/v1
53/
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)
Of 201 hospitalized patients, 7.0% had a history of smoking
https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-30438/v1
China (adult smoking rate was 26.6% in 2018)
Of 201 hospitalized patients, 7.0% had a history of smoking
https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-30438/v1
54/
Milan, Italy (adult smoking rate was 19% in 2017)
Of 222 hospitalized patients, 11.2% had a "smoke habit"
https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-30481/v1
Milan, Italy (adult smoking rate was 19% in 2017)
Of 222 hospitalized patients, 11.2% had a "smoke habit"
https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-30481/v1
55/
Israel (adult smoking rate was 19.1% in 2018)
Of 4,353 people who tested positive, 11.8% were current smokers
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.07.20091652v2.full.pdf
Israel (adult smoking rate was 19.1% in 2018)
Of 4,353 people who tested positive, 11.8% were current smokers
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.07.20091652v2.full.pdf
56/
New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)
Of 1,000 who tested positive, 4.9% were active smokers
Of 850 hospitalized, 4.12% were active smokers
Of 236 in ICU, 4.2% were active smokers
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.20.20072116v2.full.pdf
New York City, USA (adult smoking rate was 13.4% in 2017)
Of 1,000 who tested positive, 4.9% were active smokers
Of 850 hospitalized, 4.12% were active smokers
Of 236 in ICU, 4.2% were active smokers
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.20.20072116v2.full.pdf
56a/
There appears to be a considerable amount of overlap between the studies in tweet 56 & tweet 45.
There appears to be a considerable amount of overlap between the studies in tweet 56 & tweet 45.