Thread by @gwihyunjun, 한국어: 𝐆𝐫𝐚𝐦𝐦𝐚𝐫 𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧𝐬 + 𝐓𝐢𝐩𝐬 a long thread ahead; 𝓓𝓲𝓼𝓬𝓵𝓪𝓲𝓶𝓮𝓻: Not a [...]

한국어: 𝐆𝐫𝐚𝐦𝐦𝐚𝐫 𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧𝐬 + 𝐓𝐢𝐩𝐬

a long thread ahead;

𝓓𝓲𝓼𝓬𝓵𝓪𝓲𝓶𝓮𝓻: Not a professional but might help

𝓝𝓸𝓽𝓮: Just quote tweet, do not reply.

1. [𝔸𝕝𝕡𝕙𝕒𝕓𝕖𝕥]
— In learning a language, of course we will start with the language's alphabet. Here's Korean vowels and consonants.

(photo from Google)

2. [𝕎𝕠𝕣𝕕𝕤]
— Glance Korean words. In English language, there is "parts of speech" like nouns, pronouns, verbs, adverbs, adjective etc. Start with different English parts of speech translated into Korean.
— Here's a link that might help you: https://pin.it/1p9U5Ct

Dom & Hyo (domandhyo) on Pinterest

Dom & Hyo | We make graphics and comics about learning Korean, life in Korea, and our relationship.

https://pin.it/1p9U5Ct

[𝕎𝕠𝕣𝕕𝕤]

— Here's pronouns too:

3. [𝕎𝕠𝕣𝕕 𝕆𝕣𝕕𝕖𝕣]
— English is a subject-verb-object (SVO) language (ex. she likes bread). While Korean is a subject-object-verb (SOV) language (ex. 그녀가 빵을 좋아해 or in English literal translation is "she-bread-likes").

[𝕎𝕠𝕣𝕕 𝕆𝕣𝕕𝕖𝕣]

𝓃ℴ𝓉ℯ: Verbs and adjectives are always in the end of the sentence. Noun, pronoun, adverbs and numbers (they are either subject or object) appear before the verb/adjective.

4. [𝕊𝕡𝕖𝕖𝕔𝕙 𝕃𝕖𝕧𝕖𝕝]
— Speech levels indicate the speaker’s interpersonal relationship with the addressees or attitude toward them.

[𝕊𝕡𝕖𝕖𝕔𝕙 𝕃𝕖𝕧𝕖𝕝]

— Korean has 6 speech level that can be classified as:
- 𝗗𝗲𝗳𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗮𝗹 (Honorific)
- 𝗣𝗼𝗹𝗶𝘁𝗲 (Formal)
- 𝗕𝗹𝘂𝗻𝘁
- 𝗙𝗮𝗺𝗶𝗹𝗶𝗮𝗿
- 𝗜𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗺𝗮𝘁𝗲 (Informal/Casual)
- 𝗣𝗹𝗮𝗶𝗻

[𝕊𝕡𝕖𝕖𝕔𝕙 𝕃𝕖𝕧𝕖𝕝]

• 𝗗𝗲𝗳𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗮𝗹 (Honorific)
— Used in a formal situation (ex. talking to someone who's in higher position).
• 𝗣𝗼𝗹𝗶𝘁𝗲 (Formal)
— Most commonly used speech level regardless of age
or gender. Broadly used in any situation.

[𝕊𝕡𝕖𝕖𝕔𝕙 𝕃𝕖𝕧𝕖𝕝]

• 𝗕𝗹𝘂𝗻𝘁
— Used by younger generation.
• 𝗙𝗮𝗺𝗶𝗹𝗶𝗮𝗿
— Like Blunt, it is also used by younger generation.
• 𝗜𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗺𝗮𝘁𝗲 (Informal/Casual)
— Can be used if you're talking to a close friend with same age.

[𝕊𝕡𝕖𝕖𝕔𝕙 𝕃𝕖𝕧𝕖𝕝]

• 𝗣𝗹𝗮𝗶𝗻
— Can be used if you're talking to a child.

5. [𝕊𝕖𝕟𝕥𝕖𝕟𝕔𝕖 𝔽𝕚𝕟𝕒𝕝 𝔼𝕟𝕕𝕚𝕟𝕘𝕤]
— Endings indicate the type of sentence.
— Sentence final endings are: declarative (statement), interrogative (question), imperative (command/request), and propositive (suggestion)

[𝕊𝕖𝕟𝕥𝕖𝕟𝕔𝕖 𝔽𝕚𝕟𝕒𝕝 𝔼𝕟𝕕𝕚𝕟𝕘𝕤]

• 𝗗𝗲𝗰𝗹𝗮𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗲
— For stating
• 𝗜𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗿𝗼𝗴𝗮𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗲
— For questioning
• 𝗜𝗺𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗲
— For commanding/requesting
• 𝗣𝗿𝗼𝗽𝗼𝘀𝗶𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗲
— For suggesting

𝓃ℴ𝓉ℯ: these are for present tense

6. [𝕊𝕖𝕟𝕥𝕖𝕟𝕔𝕖 𝔽𝕚𝕟𝕒𝕝 𝔼𝕟𝕕𝕚𝕟𝕘: 𝕍𝕖𝕣𝕓𝕤 (ℙ𝕣𝕖𝕤𝕖𝕟𝕥 𝕋𝕖𝕟𝕤𝕖 - ℙ𝕠𝕝𝕚𝕥𝕖 𝕊𝕡𝕖𝕖𝕔𝕙 𝕃𝕖𝕧𝕖𝕝)]
— Present Tense - Polite Speech Levels are 아요, 어요, 해요, 이다

[𝕊𝕖𝕟𝕥𝕖𝕟𝕔𝕖 𝔽𝕚𝕟𝕒𝕝 𝔼𝕟𝕕𝕚𝕟𝕘: 𝕍𝕖𝕣𝕓𝕤 (ℙ𝕣𝕖𝕤𝕖𝕟𝕥 𝕋𝕖𝕟𝕤𝕖 - ℙ𝕠𝕝𝕚𝕥𝕖 𝕊𝕡𝕖𝕖𝕔𝕙 𝕃𝕖𝕧𝕖𝕝)]

• -아요
- Use when the verb stem ends in a consonant after ㅏ or ㅗ.
example:
찾다 (find)
찾 + 아요 = 찾아요

[𝕊𝕖𝕟𝕥𝕖𝕟𝕔𝕖 𝔽𝕚𝕟𝕒𝕝 𝔼𝕟𝕕𝕚𝕟𝕘: 𝕍𝕖𝕣𝕓𝕤 (ℙ𝕣𝕖𝕤𝕖𝕟𝕥 𝕋𝕖𝕟𝕤𝕖 - ℙ𝕠𝕝𝕚𝕥𝕖 𝕊𝕡𝕖𝕖𝕔𝕙 𝕃𝕖𝕧𝕖𝕝)]

- Use when the verb stem ends in ㅗ.
example:
오다 (come)
오 + 아요 = 와요

[𝕊𝕖𝕟𝕥𝕖𝕟𝕔𝕖 𝔽𝕚𝕟𝕒𝕝 𝔼𝕟𝕕𝕚𝕟𝕘: 𝕍𝕖𝕣𝕓𝕤 (ℙ𝕣𝕖𝕤𝕖𝕟𝕥 𝕋𝕖𝕟𝕤𝕖 - ℙ𝕠𝕝𝕚𝕥𝕖 𝕊𝕡𝕖𝕖𝕔𝕙 𝕃𝕖𝕧𝕖𝕝)]

- Use when the verb stem ends in ㅏ.
example:
가다 (go)
가 + 아요 = 가요

[𝕊𝕖𝕟𝕥𝕖𝕟𝕔𝕖 𝔽𝕚𝕟𝕒𝕝 𝔼𝕟𝕕𝕚𝕟𝕘: 𝕍𝕖𝕣𝕓𝕤 (ℙ𝕣𝕖𝕤𝕖𝕟𝕥 𝕋𝕖𝕟𝕤𝕖 - ℙ𝕠𝕝𝕚𝕥𝕖 𝕊𝕡𝕖𝕖𝕔𝕙 𝕃𝕖𝕧𝕖𝕝)]

• -어요
- Use when the verb stem ends in a consonant not after ㅏ or ㅗ.
example:
읽다 (write)
읽 + 어요 = 읽어요

[𝕊𝕖𝕟𝕥𝕖𝕟𝕔𝕖 𝔽𝕚𝕟𝕒𝕝 𝔼𝕟𝕕𝕚𝕟𝕘: 𝕍𝕖𝕣𝕓𝕤 (ℙ𝕣𝕖𝕤𝕖𝕟𝕥 𝕋𝕖𝕟𝕤𝕖 - ℙ𝕠𝕝𝕚𝕥𝕖 𝕊𝕡𝕖𝕖𝕔𝕙 𝕃𝕖𝕧𝕖𝕝)]

- Use when the verb stem ends in ㅐ, ㅓ, ㅕ.
example:
켜다 (turn on)
켜 + 어요 = 켜요

[𝕊𝕖𝕟𝕥𝕖𝕟𝕔𝕖 𝔽𝕚𝕟𝕒𝕝 𝔼𝕟𝕕𝕚𝕟𝕘: 𝕍𝕖𝕣𝕓𝕤 (ℙ𝕣𝕖𝕤𝕖𝕟𝕥 𝕋𝕖𝕟𝕤𝕖 - ℙ𝕠𝕝𝕚𝕥𝕖 𝕊𝕡𝕖𝕖𝕔𝕙 𝕃𝕖𝕧𝕖𝕝)]

- Use when the verb stem ends in ㅜ.
example:
주다 (give)
주 + 어요 = 줘요

[𝕊𝕖𝕟𝕥𝕖𝕟𝕔𝕖 𝔽𝕚𝕟𝕒𝕝 𝔼𝕟𝕕𝕚𝕟𝕘: 𝕍𝕖𝕣𝕓𝕤 (ℙ𝕣𝕖𝕤𝕖𝕟𝕥 𝕋𝕖𝕟𝕤𝕖 - ℙ𝕠𝕝𝕚𝕥𝕖 𝕊𝕡𝕖𝕖𝕔𝕙 𝕃𝕖𝕧𝕖𝕝)]

- Use when the verb stem ends in ㅣ.
example:
마시다 (drink)
마시 + 어요 = 마셔요

[𝕊𝕖𝕟𝕥𝕖𝕟𝕔𝕖 𝔽𝕚𝕟𝕒𝕝 𝔼𝕟𝕕𝕚𝕟𝕘: 𝕍𝕖𝕣𝕓𝕤 (ℙ𝕣𝕖𝕤𝕖𝕟𝕥 𝕋𝕖𝕟𝕤𝕖 - ℙ𝕠𝕝𝕚𝕥𝕖 𝕊𝕡𝕖𝕖𝕔𝕙 𝕃𝕖𝕧𝕖𝕝)]

• -해요
- Use 해요 for every verb that ends with 하다. Change 하다 to 해요.
example:
일하다 (work) = 일해요

[𝕊𝕖𝕟𝕥𝕖𝕟𝕔𝕖 𝔽𝕚𝕟𝕒𝕝 𝔼𝕟𝕕𝕚𝕟𝕘: 𝕍𝕖𝕣𝕓𝕤 (ℙ𝕣𝕖𝕤𝕖𝕟𝕥 𝕋𝕖𝕟𝕤𝕖 - ℙ𝕠𝕝𝕚𝕥𝕖 𝕊𝕡𝕖𝕖𝕔𝕙 𝕃𝕖𝕧𝕖𝕝)]

• -이다
- 이에요 is used when the noun before it ends in a consonant.
example:
저는 학생이에요 (I'm a student)

[𝕊𝕖𝕟𝕥𝕖𝕟𝕔𝕖 𝔽𝕚𝕟𝕒𝕝 𝔼𝕟𝕕𝕚𝕟𝕘: 𝕍𝕖𝕣𝕓𝕤 (ℙ𝕣𝕖𝕤𝕖𝕟𝕥 𝕋𝕖𝕟𝕤𝕖 - ℙ𝕠𝕝𝕚𝕥𝕖 𝕊𝕡𝕖𝕖𝕔𝕙 𝕃𝕖𝕧𝕖𝕝)]

- 예요 is used when the noun before it ends in a vowel.
example:
저는 의사예요 (I'm a doctor)

[𝕊𝕖𝕟𝕥𝕖𝕟𝕔𝕖 𝔽𝕚𝕟𝕒𝕝 𝔼𝕟𝕕𝕚𝕟𝕘: 𝕍𝕖𝕣𝕓𝕤 (ℙ𝕣𝕖𝕤𝕖𝕟𝕥 𝕋𝕖𝕟𝕤𝕖 - ℙ𝕠𝕝𝕚𝕥𝕖 𝕊𝕡𝕖𝕖𝕔𝕙 𝕃𝕖𝕧𝕖𝕝)]

(unfinished thread!!! gonna continue laterrrr 4/16/20)

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