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Family planning post-1979 Islamic Revolution: Women and development.
[A THREAD]
[A THREAD]
After the Islamic Revolution in 1981 the Family Planning Law was abolished by the regime, which led to a population boom until 1982.
(Source: "Fertility rate, total (births per woman) - Iran, Islamic Rep"; The World Bank Data)
(Source: "Fertility rate, total (births per woman) - Iran, Islamic Rep"; The World Bank Data)
During the war, that started in 1981, people were obviously not in a rush to have children, so the birthrate naturally decreased as you can see in the graph.
However the Iranian government also realised that a massive population growth could hamper development.
However the Iranian government also realised that a massive population growth could hamper development.
A couple years later in 1993 the Family Planning Law was re-implemented. This law, among other measures, included educational programmes for wedded couples about family planning and reproduction health; and additional separate education for women on the use of contraceptives.
During the era after the war, under president Rafsanjani, the gov and the Plan and Budget org.(PBO) increased econ. growth and rejuvenated the oil and gas sector with the Five Year Plan.
Zanjani, head of PBO, even argued that the re-implementation of the Law aided to its succes.
Zanjani, head of PBO, even argued that the re-implementation of the Law aided to its succes.
The re-implementation went hand in hand with women re-inventing their position in Iranian society and aiding the further development of the Islamic Republic.
Here are a couple facts:
Here are a couple facts:
1) Total births per woman
The total births further decreased after the re-implementation in 1993. Which implicates the Law was successful.
(Source: "Fertility rate, total (births per woman) - Iran, Islamic Rep"; The World Bank Data)
The total births further decreased after the re-implementation in 1993. Which implicates the Law was successful.
(Source: "Fertility rate, total (births per woman) - Iran, Islamic Rep"; The World Bank Data)
2) Literacy rate increased
The Family Planning law increased the effect of investments in education, which resulted in further increasing literacy rates for women.
(Source: "Educational Attainment in Iran", MEI - Middle East Institute)
The Family Planning law increased the effect of investments in education, which resulted in further increasing literacy rates for women.
(Source: "Educational Attainment in Iran", MEI - Middle East Institute)
3) Higher Education
In the period from 1990 to
2000 the number of female students, in the age category 19-24, increased from 7 to 21 percent. This can also be seen a result of investment in education and the increased literacy rate following the Law.
(Source: Ibid.)
In the period from 1990 to
2000 the number of female students, in the age category 19-24, increased from 7 to 21 percent. This can also be seen a result of investment in education and the increased literacy rate following the Law.
(Source: Ibid.)
4) Economic participation
The above resulted in an increase of female participation in the labor force.
(Source: The World Bank Data)
The above resulted in an increase of female participation in the labor force.
(Source: The World Bank Data)
Iran was successful at implementing the Family Planning law and this increased female participation in society.
However, there is a lot more that could and should be done, outside of family planning, to improve current female participation.
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However, there is a lot more that could and should be done, outside of family planning, to improve current female participation.
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