You want to know one of the greatest sins RPGs have inflicted on the world?

Making swords strength-based weapons.

And bows dexterity-based weapons.

/1
You do need strength to carry and wield a sword.

But once you have that strength, MOAR strength isn't necessary. It could even be counterintuitive.

Sword work demands precision, timing, body mechanics, footwork, angulation...

In other words: dexterity.
/2
With a sword, you do not use strength to cut.

If the sword were sharp, it cuts effortlessly.

But only if you know how to cut correctly.

Cutting is a complex motion, and to do it right, you need to coordinate your entire body, from your foot to your fingers.

/3
Conversely, you do need dexterity to nock, aim and loose a bow.

But you know what a bow does?

It takes the power of your body and transfers it to the arrow, sending it in flight.

To use a bow, you need raw strength. /4
The force of a bow is measured in draw weight: how much force is needed to draw the bow to an anchor position.

Historical war bows have draw weights ranging from 100 - 180 lbs.

The archer must be able to exert, and stabilize, that much force on the bow. /5
English longbowmen can be identified by spinal and finger bone deformations caused by a lifetime of drawing and loosing powerful bows.

You need prodigious strength and endurance to do that.

Without the strength to draw a bow, dexterity won't help much. /6
Why do games make swords a strength weapon and bows a dexterity weapon?

Balance.

Character class builds.

These are mechanical reasons, not biological reasons.

You can NOT apply RPG gaming logic to other fields: writing, films, most of all, THE REAL WORLD. /7
Do you really want to design 'realistic' STR/DEX-based weaponry?

Swords scale with strength AND dexterity, but scale better with dexterity.

Bows scale with strength AND dexterity, but scale better with strength.

/8
And, place hard limits on what the weapons can do.

First, to account for material quality, weapon design, etc.

And second...

To give players loot and rewards.

/9
But if you're not designing an RPG...

Do your research.

And remember: RPG game mechanics do not translate to other media!

/end
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