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"very surprisingly, pregnancy and immunocompromise so far don't seem to be significant risk factor"
Risk factors: having specific allele variants on ACE2 gene (X-chromosome) and/or I/D polymorphism on ACE gene, & likely pharmacological interactions w/ the renin-angiotensin system https://twitter.com/simonbchen/status/1240503872575004672
Risk factors: having specific allele variants on ACE2 gene (X-chromosome) and/or I/D polymorphism on ACE gene, & likely pharmacological interactions w/ the renin-angiotensin system https://twitter.com/simonbchen/status/1240503872575004672
Association of ACE2 genetic variants with blood pressure, left ventricular mass, and cardiac function in Caucasians with type 2 diabetes
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21993363
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21993363
Association of ACE2 polymorphisms with susceptibility to essential hypertension and dyslipidemia in Xinjiang, China https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6195726/
Association of ACE2 genetic polymorphisms with hypertension-related target organ damages in south Xinjiang https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6477792/
ACE2 polymorphisms associated with cardiovascular risk in Uygurs with type 2 diabetes mellitus https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6142339/
The association between the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 gene and blood pressure in a cohort study of adolescents https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4228362/
Interactions between angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 polymorphisms and high salt intake increase the risk of hypertension in the Chinese Wa population https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6965882/
From gene to protein—experimental and clinical studies of ACE2 in blood pressure control and arterial hypertension https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4067757/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4998461/
Association between circulating levels of ACE2-Ang-(1–7)-MAS axis and ACE2 gene polymorphisms in hypertensive patients
Association between circulating levels of ACE2-Ang-(1–7)-MAS axis and ACE2 gene polymorphisms in hypertensive patients
Association of polymorphisms of angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 with retinopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus among Chinese individuals https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4330274/
Genetic variants in the apelin system and blood pressure responses to dietary sodium interventions: a family-based association study https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2905479/
Association of Genetic Variants in the Apelin-APJ System and ACE2 with Blood Pressure Responses to Potassium Supplementation: the GenSalt Study https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2890255/
Role of ACE and PAI-1 Polymorphisms in the Development and Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4679138/
Relationships Between Selected Gene Polymorphisms and Blood Pressure Sensitivity to Weight Loss in Elderly Persons With Hypertension https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4636329/
Associations of ACE Gene Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism, ACE Activity, and ACE mRNA Expression with Hypertension in a Chinese Population https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3787994/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3681161/
Gene polymorphisms in association with self-reported stroke in US adults
Gene polymorphisms in association with self-reported stroke in US adults
Distribution of ACE insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in Iranian populations https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5019291/
Study of angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism, enzyme activity and oxidized low density lipoprotein in Western Iranians with atherosclerosis: a case-control study https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6676562/
Instillation of particulate matter 2.5 induced acute lung injury and attenuated the injury recovery in ACE2 knockout mice
https://www.ijbs.com/v14p0253.htm
https://www.ijbs.com/v14p0253.htm
Blood Groups in Infection and Host Susceptibility https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4475644/
The ACE deletion allele is associated with Israeli elite endurance athletes.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17631516
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17631516
The angiotensin converting enzyme I/D polymorphism in Russian athletes.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11781693
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11781693
Gaucher's disease
"Disease is caused by a recessive mutation in the GBA gene located on chromosome 1 and affects both males and females... The carrier rate among Ashkenazi Jews is 8.9%"
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaucher%27s_disease
"Disease is caused by a recessive mutation in the GBA gene located on chromosome 1 and affects both males and females... The carrier rate among Ashkenazi Jews is 8.9%"
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaucher%27s_disease
Genetic polymorphisms of the renin-angiotensin system and the outcome of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in children
https://www.kidneyinternational-online.org/article/S0085-2538(15)30820-6/pdf
https://www.kidneyinternational-online.org/article/S0085-2538(15)30820-6/pdf
Why children might not be infected often:
Competition for ACE2 receptor from Human coronavirus NL63, which infects only children (might have a similar temperature preference as SARS-CoV-2?)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_coronavirus_NL63
Competition for ACE2 receptor from Human coronavirus NL63, which infects only children (might have a similar temperature preference as SARS-CoV-2?)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_coronavirus_NL63
A crucial role of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in SARS coronavirus–induced lung injury https://www.nature.com/articles/nm1267
Elevated serum and spleen angiotensin converting enzyme and serum lysozyme in Gaucher's disease.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/188566
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/188566
How smoking affects blood pressure
"It is a paradox that while smoking acutely increases blood pressure, a slightly lower blood pressure level has been found among smokers than nonsmokers in larger epidemiological studies."
BECAUSE SMOKING INCREASES ACE2 EXPRESSION IN THE LUNGS
"It is a paradox that while smoking acutely increases blood pressure, a slightly lower blood pressure level has been found among smokers than nonsmokers in larger epidemiological studies."
BECAUSE SMOKING INCREASES ACE2 EXPRESSION IN THE LUNGS
Why there may be have been fewer smokers suffering from COVID-19 relative to the general population in China:
Smokers have lower blood pressure than non-smokers
https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-017-4802-x
Smokers have lower blood pressure than non-smokers
https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-017-4802-x
Association of SARS susceptibility with single nucleic acid polymorphisms of OAS1 and MxA genes: a case-control study.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16824203
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16824203
NSAIDS and ACE-inhibitors
"The concomitant use of NSAIDs and ACE inhibitor (ACEI) has been associated with reducing the anti-hypertensive effects of the ACEI, as well as carrying the potential to inflict acute renal damage." https://lecom.edu/nsaids-and-ace-inhibitors/
"The concomitant use of NSAIDs and ACE inhibitor (ACEI) has been associated with reducing the anti-hypertensive effects of the ACEI, as well as carrying the potential to inflict acute renal damage." https://lecom.edu/nsaids-and-ace-inhibitors/
Association of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Insertion-Deletion Polymorphism with Hypertension in Emiratis with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Interaction with Obesity Status https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4603605/
ACE2, a Promising Therapeutic Target for Pulmonary Hypertension https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21215698/
Pathophysiology of pulmonary hypertension in acute lung injury https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3362157/
Enhanced angiotensin II-induced cardiac and aortic remodeling in ACE2 knockout mice.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23043153
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23043153
SARS-CoV proteins decrease levels and activity of human ENaC via activation of distinct PKC isoforms
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19112100
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19112100
Immunological Characterization of the Spike Protein of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus https://jcm.asm.org/content/42/4/1570.abstract
Dysregulation of the Renin-Angiotensin System and the Vasopressinergic System Interactions in Cardiovascular Disorders
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29556787
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29556787
Gonadal effects on plasma ACE activity:
Plasma ACE activity much higher in males
Lung ACE activity not sex dimorphic, but increases significantly upon gonadectomy (M & F)
Gonads affect plasma ACE activity by influencing cleavage of tissue ACE to plasma ACE
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11849653
Plasma ACE activity much higher in males
Lung ACE activity not sex dimorphic, but increases significantly upon gonadectomy (M & F)
Gonads affect plasma ACE activity by influencing cleavage of tissue ACE to plasma ACE
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11849653
Sex differences in the metabolic effects of the renin-angiotensin system
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13293-019-0247-5
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13293-019-0247-5
Orchitis (swelling of the testicles): A Complication of (SARS)
This 2006 study found SARS infection affected the testes significantly in six patients who died of SARS, in limited sample all had signs of orchitis in the testes which rendered them sterile.
https://academic.oup.com/biolreprod/article/74/2/410/2667029
This 2006 study found SARS infection affected the testes significantly in six patients who died of SARS, in limited sample all had signs of orchitis in the testes which rendered them sterile.
https://academic.oup.com/biolreprod/article/74/2/410/2667029
Update on the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2-Angiotensin (1–7)-Mas Receptor Axis: Fetal Programing, Sex Differences, and Intracellular Pathways
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3886117/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3886117/
Y chromosome’s roles in sex differences in disease https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5393195/
VIDEO: Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System
VIDEO: ARBS Angiotensin Receptor Blockers
Cardiovascular health in transgender people
"effects of hormone therapy on systolic blood pressure in trans women...most...showing an increase. In trans men, testosterone therapy...increases systolic blood pressure...may increase diastolic blood pressure."
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30073551
"effects of hormone therapy on systolic blood pressure in trans women...most...showing an increase. In trans men, testosterone therapy...increases systolic blood pressure...may increase diastolic blood pressure."
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30073551
"sex differences in adrenal androgen production in humans & both nonhuman primate & nonprimate animal models, which present varying degrees of sexual dimorphism in adrenal structure & function."
"basis of observed sex differences remains poorly understood"
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15635502
"basis of observed sex differences remains poorly understood"
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15635502
Intracranial Hypertension in Transgender Patients https://journals.lww.com/jneuro-ophthalmology/Citation/2019/06000/Intracranial_Hypertension_in_Transgender_Patients.12.aspx
Compromised endothelial function in transgender men taking testosterone
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/cen.14132
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/cen.14132
Hypertension prevalence, awareness, control & association with metabolic abnormalities in the San Marino population
"compared to normotensives, hypertensive subjects were less frequently smokers (20.1 versus 27.8%),...& a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus (15.8 versus 6.3%)"
"compared to normotensives, hypertensive subjects were less frequently smokers (20.1 versus 27.8%),...& a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus (15.8 versus 6.3%)"
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and ACE activities display tissue-specific sensitivity to undernutrition-programmed hypertension in the adult rat.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16203874
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16203874
Differential Downregulation of ACE2 by the Spike Proteins of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus and Human Coronavirus NL63
https://jvi.asm.org/content/84/2/1198
https://jvi.asm.org/content/84/2/1198
Is angiotensin I-converting enzyme a "master" disease gene?
ACE D/D genotype...associated w/ increased levels of tissue ACE expression at protein level...overactivity of ACE...involved in pathogenesis of common diseases
ACE inhibition=treatment/prevention.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12458570
ACE D/D genotype...associated w/ increased levels of tissue ACE expression at protein level...overactivity of ACE...involved in pathogenesis of common diseases
ACE inhibition=treatment/prevention.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12458570
Association of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene G2350A dimorphism with essential hypertension https://www.nature.com/articles/1001600
Does Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE)/ACE2 Balance Contribute to Fate of Angiotensin Peptides in Programmed Hypertension?
"ACE2 pathway may also be affected & counterbalance ACE, giving rise to the vasodilatory & antiproliferative peptide Ang (1–7)."
https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/01.HYP.0000185149.56516.0a
"ACE2 pathway may also be affected & counterbalance ACE, giving rise to the vasodilatory & antiproliferative peptide Ang (1–7)."
https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/01.HYP.0000185149.56516.0a
A New Essential Hypertension Susceptibility Locus on Chromosome 2p24-p25, Detected by Genomewide Search https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC378544/
High prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension in a working population in Hungary.
"A high proportion of relatively young and apparently healthy Hungarian employees were diagnosed with prehypertension and hypertension."
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22052074
"A high proportion of relatively young and apparently healthy Hungarian employees were diagnosed with prehypertension and hypertension."
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22052074
Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment and Control of Hypertension in Indonesian Adults Aged ≥40 Years: Findings from the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS)
"Hypertension is the major driver of the cardiovascular epidemic facing Indonesia in the 21st century."
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4996427/
"Hypertension is the major driver of the cardiovascular epidemic facing Indonesia in the 21st century."
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4996427/
Prevalence & determinants of hypertension in Algerian Sahara
"Epidemiological studies...indicate...hypertension is a major public health problem...high sodium content in drinking water in...region could play a major role in the development of hypertension"
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17921815
"Epidemiological studies...indicate...hypertension is a major public health problem...high sodium content in drinking water in...region could play a major role in the development of hypertension"
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17921815
Hypertension among Tunisian adults: results of the TAHINA project
"However, current smokers had less hypertension rate (22.8%) than did ex-smokers (33.5%) and non-smokers (32.5%)"
https://www.nature.com/articles/hr2011198
"However, current smokers had less hypertension rate (22.8%) than did ex-smokers (33.5%) and non-smokers (32.5%)"
https://www.nature.com/articles/hr2011198
Problem of hypertension in Egypt
"The problem is complicated by the low awareness rates, only 38% of hypertensive Egyptians were aware of having high blood pressure, only 24% were receiving treatment, whereas control rates (<140/90 mmHg) were 8%"
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1110260813000252
"The problem is complicated by the low awareness rates, only 38% of hypertensive Egyptians were aware of having high blood pressure, only 24% were receiving treatment, whereas control rates (<140/90 mmHg) were 8%"
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1110260813000252
Positive association between ATP2B1 rs17249754 and essential hypertension: a case-control study in Burkina Faso, West Africa
https://bmccardiovascdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12872-019-1136-x
https://bmccardiovascdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12872-019-1136-x
Interaction according to urinary sodium excretion level on the association between ATP2B1 rs17249754 and incident hypertension: Korean genome epidemiology study.
excessive sodium intake=ATP2B1 rs17249754 mutant allele carriers at high risk of hypertension"
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27149052
excessive sodium intake=ATP2B1 rs17249754 mutant allele carriers at high risk of hypertension"
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27149052
Evaluation of Blood Pressure Control and Associated Factors among Patients with Hypertension in Iraq: A Prospective Cross-sectional Study https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6662046/
Prevalence and Control of Hypertension in Iraqi Diabetic Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study
"This study confirms that hypertension was seen in ~90% of diabetic patients in Iraq, and approximately half of them were achieving a target BP < 130/80 mmHg." https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3362852/
"This study confirms that hypertension was seen in ~90% of diabetic patients in Iraq, and approximately half of them were achieving a target BP < 130/80 mmHg." https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3362852/
Prevalence of Hypertension in Iran 1980–2012: A Systematic Review
"prevalence of hypertension in Iran was close to the highest figure reported in the Middle East. This study revealed the need for a regular survey of hypertension"
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5424849/
"prevalence of hypertension in Iran was close to the highest figure reported in the Middle East. This study revealed the need for a regular survey of hypertension"
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5424849/
Hypertension and renal disease in Puerto Ricans.
Hypertension and ESRD constitute a major health threat to Puerto Ricans...In the Hispanic population of the United States, Puerto Ricans seem to have a worse health status than Mexican & Cuban Americans.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10616161
Hypertension and ESRD constitute a major health threat to Puerto Ricans...In the Hispanic population of the United States, Puerto Ricans seem to have a worse health status than Mexican & Cuban Americans.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10616161
High Prevalence of Hypertension in a Danish Population Telemedical Home Measurement of Blood Pressure in Citizens Aged 55–64 Years in Holstebro County
"One third of citizens in age group 55–64 years had abnormally high HBP, one fourth either had WCH or MH"
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4886481/
"One third of citizens in age group 55–64 years had abnormally high HBP, one fourth either had WCH or MH"
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4886481/
Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension: Rule of thirds in the Skaraborg project
"In men, current smoking was less common among those aware of their hypertension (7% vs. 16%), and more had quit smoking (56% vs. 33%)"
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3378010/
"In men, current smoking was less common among those aware of their hypertension (7% vs. 16%), and more had quit smoking (56% vs. 33%)"
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3378010/
Steep decline in blood pressures in Norway
In Nord Trøndelag County, in the central part of the country, the proportion of men with high blood pressure decreased from 61% to 36% over 20 years. In women from this same study, the decline was from 54% to 29%. https://sciencenorway.no/forskningno-high-blood-pressure-norway/steep-decline-in-blood-pressures-in-norway/1452368
In Nord Trøndelag County, in the central part of the country, the proportion of men with high blood pressure decreased from 61% to 36% over 20 years. In women from this same study, the decline was from 54% to 29%. https://sciencenorway.no/forskningno-high-blood-pressure-norway/steep-decline-in-blood-pressures-in-norway/1452368
Mitochondrial Haplogroups & Risk of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
"mitochondrial haplogroups influence risk of PAH...vulnerability to PAH may have emerged under selective enrichment of specific haplogroups...w/ the migration of populations out of Africa"
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4880300/
"mitochondrial haplogroups influence risk of PAH...vulnerability to PAH may have emerged under selective enrichment of specific haplogroups...w/ the migration of populations out of Africa"
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4880300/
Y Chromosome, Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease
"examining Y chromosome lineage influences [on]...efficacy of...antihypertensive & anti-inflammatory agents...of great value...paving way for using Y chromosome phylogenetic tree in prescribing choices.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6627840/
![Y Chromosome, Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease"examining Y chromosome lineage influences [on]...efficacy of...antihypertensive & anti-inflammatory agents...of great value...paving way for using Y chromosome phylogenetic tree in prescribing choices. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6627840/](https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ET1PbREUMAAecdZ.png "Y Chromosome, Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease\"examining Y chromosome lineage influences [on]...efficacy of...antihypertensive & anti-inflammatory agents...of great value...paving way for using Y chromosome phylogenetic tree in prescribing choices. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6627840/")
![Y Chromosome, Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease"examining Y chromosome lineage influences [on]...efficacy of...antihypertensive & anti-inflammatory agents...of great value...paving way for using Y chromosome phylogenetic tree in prescribing choices. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6627840/](https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ET1PcceUMAIb8IW.jpg "Y Chromosome, Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease\"examining Y chromosome lineage influences [on]...efficacy of...antihypertensive & anti-inflammatory agents...of great value...paving way for using Y chromosome phylogenetic tree in prescribing choices. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6627840/")
![Y Chromosome, Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease"examining Y chromosome lineage influences [on]...efficacy of...antihypertensive & anti-inflammatory agents...of great value...paving way for using Y chromosome phylogenetic tree in prescribing choices. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6627840/](https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ET1PdGMUwAACPJq.jpg "Y Chromosome, Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease\"examining Y chromosome lineage influences [on]...efficacy of...antihypertensive & anti-inflammatory agents...of great value...paving way for using Y chromosome phylogenetic tree in prescribing choices. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6627840/")
![Y Chromosome, Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease"examining Y chromosome lineage influences [on]...efficacy of...antihypertensive & anti-inflammatory agents...of great value...paving way for using Y chromosome phylogenetic tree in prescribing choices. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6627840/](https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ET1PdmkUEAEgCum.png "Y Chromosome, Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease\"examining Y chromosome lineage influences [on]...efficacy of...antihypertensive & anti-inflammatory agents...of great value...paving way for using Y chromosome phylogenetic tree in prescribing choices. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6627840/")
"examining Y chromosome lineage influences [on]...efficacy of...antihypertensive & anti-inflammatory agents...of great value...paving way for using Y chromosome phylogenetic tree in prescribing choices.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6627840/
Association of Renin and Aldosterone With Ethnicity and Blood Pressure: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
"compared with...whites, blacks have lower aldosterone & Hispanics have higher PRA, whereas levels in Chinese are not significantly different"
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4017931/
"compared with...whites, blacks have lower aldosterone & Hispanics have higher PRA, whereas levels in Chinese are not significantly different"
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4017931/
Ancient Migratory Events in the Middle East: New Clues from the Y-Chromosome Variation of Modern Iranians
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3399854/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3399854/
ACE2 of the heart: From angiotensin I to angiotensin (1–7)
"Elevated ACE2 expression at the initial stage of several pathologies which decline w/ progression of disease might indicate a protective role for ACE2."
https://academic.oup.com/cardiovascres/article/73/3/463/367423
"Elevated ACE2 expression at the initial stage of several pathologies which decline w/ progression of disease might indicate a protective role for ACE2."
https://academic.oup.com/cardiovascres/article/73/3/463/367423
Paraguayan National Blood Pressure Study: prevalence of hypertension in the general population.
"Almost half the subjects w/ measured moderate or severe hypertension were unaware that they had raised BP. Hypertension is a major health problem in Paraguay."
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8583468
"Almost half the subjects w/ measured moderate or severe hypertension were unaware that they had raised BP. Hypertension is a major health problem in Paraguay."
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8583468
Understanding 6th-century barbarian social organization and migration through paleogenomics
"data are consistent with...proposed...migration from Pannonia to Northern Italy"
"we cannot reject the migration..of the Longobards described in historical texts."
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6134036/
"data are consistent with...proposed...migration from Pannonia to Northern Italy"
"we cannot reject the migration..of the Longobards described in historical texts."
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6134036/
Renin Angiotensin System Gene Polymorphisms and Cerebral Blood Flow Regulation
"This study suggests that a polymorphism in the AGT gene known to be involved in blood pressure control is also associated with cerebral VR.
https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/STROKEAHA.109.572669
"This study suggests that a polymorphism in the AGT gene known to be involved in blood pressure control is also associated with cerebral VR.
https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/STROKEAHA.109.572669
Polymorphisms of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Gene in Chinese Han Patients with Nonfamilial Atrial Fibrillation
"Via a large-scale...study, we found that rs3789678 site was potential susceptible locus of AF whereas rs11568023 was protective factor"
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4344326/
"Via a large-scale...study, we found that rs3789678 site was potential susceptible locus of AF whereas rs11568023 was protective factor"
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4344326/
Emergence and evolution of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
"We suggest that the sustaining efforts in better understanding the RAAS will have soon
importance in the study of hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases."
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22527880
"We suggest that the sustaining efforts in better understanding the RAAS will have soon
importance in the study of hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases."
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22527880
Revisiting the Brain Renin-Angiotensin System—Focus on Novel Therapies
"evidence that angiotensin synthesis occurs independently at brain tissue sites is lacking. Renin is absent & brain angiotensin levels are exceptionally low as compared to other organs"
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6449495/
"evidence that angiotensin synthesis occurs independently at brain tissue sites is lacking. Renin is absent & brain angiotensin levels are exceptionally low as compared to other organs"
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6449495/
Relationship between intrarenal renin-angiotensin activity & re-hospitalization in patients w/ heart failure w/ reduced ejection fraction
"some...discontinue...because of...side effects of ARBs...hypotension, hyperkalemia, renal dysfunction & angioedema"
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5864771/
"some...discontinue...because of...side effects of ARBs...hypotension, hyperkalemia, renal dysfunction & angioedema"
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5864771/
Polymorphism in Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Associated w/ Age at Diagnosis in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
"polymorphism in AGTR1 appears...associated with..later age at diagnosis in IPAH...pathway could be involved in..biologic variability...in PAH"
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3712279/
"polymorphism in AGTR1 appears...associated with..later age at diagnosis in IPAH...pathway could be involved in..biologic variability...in PAH"
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3712279/
The Angiotensin II type 1 receptor 1166C polymorphism associated with abdominal aortic aneurysm in three independent cohorts
"Genetic polymorphisms of the RAS have been implicated as potential susceptibility candidates in a variety of vascular disorders including...hypertension."
"Genetic polymorphisms of the RAS have been implicated as potential susceptibility candidates in a variety of vascular disorders including...hypertension."
Human maternal heritage in Andalusia (Spain): its composition reveals high internal complexity and distinctive influences of mtDNA haplogroups U6 and L in the western and eastern side of region
https://bmcgenet.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2156-15-11
https://bmcgenet.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2156-15-11
Acute effects of cigarette smoke on inflammation and oxidative stress-a review
"Acute cigarette smoke has a suppressive effect on the number of eosinophils and several inflammatory cytokines, possibly due to the anti-inflammatory effect of carbon monoxide"
https://thorax.bmj.com/content/59/8/713
"Acute cigarette smoke has a suppressive effect on the number of eosinophils and several inflammatory cytokines, possibly due to the anti-inflammatory effect of carbon monoxide"
https://thorax.bmj.com/content/59/8/713
Management of Acute Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension:
"Acute pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)..may complicate the course of many complex disorders, is always underdiagnosed and its treatment frequently begins only after..complications have developed." https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1755-5922.2009.00095.x
"Acute pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)..may complicate the course of many complex disorders, is always underdiagnosed and its treatment frequently begins only after..complications have developed." https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1755-5922.2009.00095.x
Human Protein Atlas
Gene: ACE2
Description: Angiotensin I converting enzyme 2
Predicted location: Membrane,Secreted
RNA tissue distribution: In many
Protein expression: Selective membranous expression in renal tubules, intestinal tract, gallbladder, testis
https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000130234-ACE2/tissue
Gene: ACE2
Description: Angiotensin I converting enzyme 2
Predicted location: Membrane,Secreted
RNA tissue distribution: In many
Protein expression: Selective membranous expression in renal tubules, intestinal tract, gallbladder, testis
https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000130234-ACE2/tissue
