https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🧵" title="Thread" aria-label="Emoji: Thread">Disinformation and misinformation are terms that are often used interchangeably. And there& #39;s a difference. This thread will provide an overview of the literature and the terms. #disinformation Source: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0263237319301446">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/a... 1/n
Inaccurate information is categorized as either misinformation, #disinformation or both in the literature. But it’s important to distinguish between the two. 2/n
"Misinformation" is referred to as inaccurate or incomplete information that can result from:
•An honest mistake
•Negligence
•Unconscious bias
(see: Fallis 2014 https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/handle/2142/47258)">https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/handle/21... #disinformation 3/n
Misinformation misleads, to be sure. But " #disinformation" is different in that it is information that is INTENDED to MISLEAD. 4/n
Purposeful distribution of #disinformation can lead to the spread of misinformation. Eg, think about the false information that was circulated on Facebook a few years about oranges injected with HIV. https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/oranges-injected-hiv/">https://www.snopes.com/fact-chec... 6/n
Those with intentions to mislead with disinformation rely on the public’s normative conception of information, who often assume that information is consistently accurate, true, complete, current, agnostic, or neutral. #disinformation 8/n
Our biases or our failure to check sources can trip us all up. Remember the Bloomberg interview that circulated a couple of weeks ago? I shared it because I thought “https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="🙄" title="Face with rolling eyes" aria-label="Emoji: Face with rolling eyes">A politician that doesn’t know anything about ag is insulting farmers.” I was wrong. https://www.jsonline.com/story/news/politics/elections/2020/02/17/bloomberg-video-appears-insult-farmers-but-full-context-deleted/4786501002/">https://www.jsonline.com/story/new... 9/n
My first mistake was that I didn’t dig deeper and listen to the WHOLE interview (context is always very important). Second, I didn’t even check the date of the interview. It was from 2016. #disinformation 10/n
I’ve also gotten tricked by #RIP announcements for celebs, sharing false information (not ACTUALLY dead) or, yes, they died - but not YESTERDAY, actually TWO YEARS AGO YESTERDAY. I just followed my biases without thinking or checking sources or dates. #disinformation 11/n
For many of us, the most provocative #disinformation is that which has just enough truth in it to give it the illusion of truth – disinformation that taps into our existing biases and fears. 12/n
Many disinformation creators, however, have found ways to make https://abs.twimg.com/emoji/v2/... draggable="false" alt="💰" title="Money bag" aria-label="Emoji: Money bag">from sharing #disinformation. 15/n
They extract monetary value by attracting traffic to websites. “Let me make up stuff that makes you believe that you have a problem and check out my website where you can find your $50 solution.” #disinformation https://quackwatch.org/11Ind/mercola/ ">https://quackwatch.org/11Ind/mer... 16/n
#Disinformation shifts economic and political power. It can result in the loss of important innovations and foregone innovation capacities. For public health and food security, some of the greatest impacts have been to developing countries. See: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/oct/26/gm-golden-rice-delay-cost-millions-of-lives-child-blindness">https://www.theguardian.com/environme... 17/n
And while we would like to think that advancing “scientific literacy” may help , perhaps we need to focus more on “information literacy” or “critical literacy” or “news literacy” instead. See Nicole Cooke’s work: https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/692298">https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/1... 18/n #disinformation
"Misinformation is not like a plumbing problem you fix. It is a social condition, like crime, that you must constantly monitor and adjust to." Tom Rosenstiel. Executive Director, @AmPress #disinformation 19/n
Information is ubiquitous. Social media platforms are the new "virtual living rooms" where we convene to & #39;chat& #39; and share information. It& #39;s up to us as individuals to think critically about what we consume and share in terms of info. #disinformation https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2017/11/this-is-what-experts-think-will-happen-to-fake-news">https://www.weforum.org/agenda/20... 20/n
Call to action: think twice about what you share on social media. Check your sources. Check the date. Even consult @snopes (quick and easy fact checker). Also, @RANDCorporation provides a list of Tools That Fight #Disinformation Online here: https://www.rand.org/research/projects/truth-decay/fighting-disinformation/search.html">https://www.rand.org/research/... 21/n
Some good sources to follow wrt to everything " #disinformation": @CT_Bergstrom @DisinfoIndex @EUvsDisinfo @DisinfoEU @DisinfoPortal @EU_MediaLit @Toffeemen68 @RSButner @katestarbird

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